[register]-ARMV8-aarch64-通用寄存器介绍

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#arm #linux #armv8 #arm64 #寄存器

于 2020-10-22 13:43:36 首次发布

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本文介绍了ARMv8/ARMv9架构中的通用寄存器，包括X0-X30、SP、PC和XZR等。详细阐述了不同寄存器的用途：X0-X7作为参数传递和返回结果；X9-X15是caller-saved临时寄存器，可直接使用；X19-X29为callee-saved寄存器，需保存和恢复；X8、X16-X18、X29、X30则有特定功能，如X8用于间接结果，X16和X17为IP寄存器，X29是帧指针，X30为链接寄存器。

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1、通用寄存器

ARMv8有31个通用寄存器X0-X30, 还有SP、PC、XZR等寄存器
下面详细介绍写这些通用寄存器(general-purpose registers)：

(1)、X0-X7 Argument registers
用于参数传递

These are used to pass parameters to a function and to return a result. They can be used as scratch registers or as caller-saved register variables that can hold intermediate values within a function, between calls to other unctions. The fact that 8 registers are available for passing parameters reduces the need to spill parameters to the stack when compared with AArch32

(2)、X9-X15 Caller-saved temporary registers
在子函数中使用这些寄存器时，直接使用即可, 无需save/restore. 在汇编代码中x9-x15出现的频率极低

If the caller requires the values in any of these registers to be preserved across a call to another function, the caller must save the affected registers in its own stack frame. They can be modified by the called subroutine ithout the need to save and restore them before returning to the caller.

(3)、X19-X29 Callee-saved registers (X19-X29)
在callee子函数中使用这些寄存器时，需要先save这些寄存器，在退出子函数时再resotre

These registers are saved in the callee frame. They can be modified by the called subroutine as long as they are saved and restored before returning.

(4)、X8, X16-X18, X29, X30 Registers with a special purpose
这些都是特殊用途的寄存器

• X8 is the indirect result register. This is used to pass the address location of an indirect result, for example, where a function returns a large structure.
• X16 and X17 are IP0 and IP1, intra-procedure-call temporary registers. These can be used by call veneers and similar code, or as temporary registers for intermediate values between subroutine calls. They are corruptible by a function. Veneers are small pieces of code which are automatically inserted by the linker, for example when the branch target is out of range of the branch instruction.
• X18 is the platform register and is reserved for the use of platform ABIs. This is an additional temporary register on platforms that don’t assign a special meaning to it.
• X29 is the frame pointer register (FP).
• X30 is the link register (LR).

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