Lesson 1 A puma at large_a spot on one's reputation-优快云博客

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Lesson 1 A puma at large

词汇

spot v. (在很多东西中)看出, 发现. n. 斑点, 地点.

a big red spot 一个大红斑.

a spot on one’s reputation(名声) 某人名声上的一个污点.

A leopard(豹子) won’t change its spots. (习语)江山易改, 本性难移.

spot of sth. (习语)有点…

(NCE3 - 58) a spot of bother (n. 令人恼火、讨厌、不愉快的事) 一点小麻烦.

You seem to be having a spot of bother with your car, can I help? 好像你的汽车出了点麻烦, 需要我帮忙吗?

a scenic (adj. 景色的) spot 一个景点.

A great many of scenic spots are being spoilt by the ill-behaved(adj. 品行不端的、行为不良的) tourists. 好多旅游景点正在被那些品行不端的游客破坏.

The Middle East(中东地区) is a hot spot(热点地区).

on the spot 在现场, 到现场.

(NCE3 - 10) Four days after setting out(动身出发), while the Titanic(泰坦尼克号) was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic(北大西洋冰冷的水域中), a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out(瞭望员). 出发四天后, 泰坦尼克号正行驶在北大西洋冰冷的水域中, 瞭望员突然发现了一座巨大的冰山.

Ten minutes after calling 911(报警), a police car arrived on the spot. 报警后十分钟, 一辆警车来到了现场.

(NCE3 - 11) He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case(在我箱子的底部发现了一个小瓶子) and he pounced on it with delight(高兴地扑了上去). 他(海关官员)在我箱子的底部发现了一个小不丁点的瓶子, 之后高兴地扑了上去.

evidence n. 证据(不可数).

a piece of evidence 一条证据.

evident adj. 明显的, 清楚的.

self-evident adj. 不证自明的.

All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed (ridicule v. 嘲弄, 嘲讽). Second, it is violently opposed (oppose v. 反对). Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.

所有的真理都会历经三个阶段. 起初, 它受到嘲弄; 第二个阶段, 它受到激烈的反对; 第三个阶段, 这个真理被人们接受为不言自明的.

We hold(= think, believe(在书面语中)) these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed(endow v. 赋予) by the Creator(造物主) with certain unalienable(adj. 不可剥夺的) rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 我们认为这些真理是不言自明的: 所有人生来平等, 造物主赋予他们某些不可剥夺的权利, 在这些权利之中最重要的是生命权、自由和对幸福的追求.

court n. 法庭.

go to court 打官司.

settle sth. out of court (在法庭外)私了.

accumulate v. 积累, 积聚.

accumulate knowledge / possessions 积累知识/积聚财富.

I accumulated a large vocabulary. 我过去积累了大量的词汇.

amass v. 积累.

amass a fortune 积累一大笔财富.

(NCE3 - 59) People tend to amass possessions. 人们往往喜欢积累财富.

pile up 越积累越多.

(NCE3 - 33) Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. 与此同时, 后面的车辆越积越多.

gather / collect v. 积累, 积聚.

collect stamps 收集邮票.

gather crops 收割庄稼

hoard v. (贬义)囤积.

Shenzhen real estate developers(房地产开发商) hoard large amounts of land. 深圳的房地产开发商囤积了大量的土地.

oblige v. 使…(某人)感到必须.

be / feel obliged to do sth (由于责任、道义上的原因)感到必须做某事 / 觉得有必要做某事.

Many parents feel obliged to pay for at least part of the wedding. 许多父母觉得必须给婚礼支付一部分的钱.

be / feel compelled to do sth (迫于外在的压力)感到必须做某事.

President Nixon felt compelled to resign. 尼克森总统迫于外在的压力感到必须辞职.

be / feel impelled to do sth (由于内心的动力)感到必须做某事.

He felt impelled to point out that they were making a dangerous mistake. 他出于良心感到必须指出他们正在犯下危险的错误.

human being n. 人类 (可数)

man n. 人类 (不可数)

mankind n. 人类 (不可数, 庄严, 多用在文言的书面语中)

humankind n. 人类 (不可数, 庄严, 多用在文言的书面语中)

human race n. 人类 (不可数, 强调人类这个种族)

humanity n. 人类 (不可数, 强调人性、人道)

a crime against humanity 反人类罪.

alien being n. 外星人.

intelligent being n. 智慧生物.

To be (v. 活着), or not to be: that is the question. 生存还是毁灭, 这是个问题.

I think therefore I am. 我思故我在.

somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因.

Somehow everything is different. 不知怎么搞地, 一切都不同了.

somewhat adv. 有点, 有些.

He was somewhat hungry. 他有些饿了.

He was somewhat embarrassed. 他觉得有点尴尬.

somewhere adv. 某个地方

I have lost my wallet somewhere around here. 我把钱包丢在这附近的某个地方了.

disturb v. 打扰, 令人不安.

Do not disturb. 请勿打扰.

I hope I am not disturbing you. 我希望我没有打扰到你.

Sorry to disturb you, but … (礼貌用语)求人帮忙.

Sorry to disturb you, but I really need your help. 很抱歉打扰您, 但我真的需要您的帮助.

课文

at large 在逃的, 未被捕获的, 未被控制住的.

a prisoner / suspect at large 一名在逃的囚犯 / 嫌疑犯.

The disease is still at large. 疾病依然没有被控制住. / 疾病依然在肆虐.

a puma at large 一只逃遁的美洲狮.

Pumas are large, cat-like (adj. 像猫一样的) animals which are found in America. 美洲狮是一种大型的、像猫一样的动物, 产于美洲.

bear-like animals 像熊一样的动物.

lady-like behavior 女人般的举止.

child-like simplicity 孩子般的率真.

an angel-like girl 一个天使般的女孩.

crystal-like eyes 水晶般的双眸.

flu-like symptoms 类似于流感的症状.

(CET-4) Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. 狐狸和农夫很难融洽相处. 这些小型的、像狗一样的动物长期以来被指责杀死农场上的动物.

(考研大作文) As is shown in the picture, there is a cobweb-like(adj. 像蜘蛛网一样的) structure(n. 某种结构的建筑物) with separate(adj. 分离的, 隔开的) compartments(n. 小隔间) packed in it. 正如图片中显示的那样, 有一个像蜘蛛网一样的构件, 里面有一些分离的小隔间, 密密麻麻地挤在里面.

Pumas are large, cat-like animals (which are) found in America(产于美洲).

be found in … (习语) 动植物生存于某地 / 某物质存在于某地.

Many plant and animal species are found only in the rainforests. 许多动植物物种仅存于雨林中.

Vitamin C is found in citrus fruit. 维生素C存在于柑橘类果实之中.

(造句) Giant pandas are large, bear-like animals which are found in Sichuan province, China.

When reports(无灵主语) came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London(同位语从句), they were not taken seriously. 当有人报告伦敦动物园说在伦敦以南45英里处发现了一只美洲狮时, 这些报告没有受到重视.

(NCE3-29) However, a new type of humor(一种新型的幽默, 无灵主语), which stems largely from the US, has recently come into fashion(流行起来). 然而, 一种新类型的幽默, 很大程度上起源于美国, 最近已经流行起来了.

(NCE3-34) The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it. 这个商人告诉他说, 这个大木箱子刚刚才送到店里, 但他嫌麻烦不想打开.

I thought of a good idea. -> A good idea came into my mind. / A good idea flashed(闪现) into my mind. 我想到了一个好主意.

He went to the town on business. -> Business took him to the town. 他进城办事去了.

A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for an outing at the beach. 在一个风和日丽的星期天, 我们全家出门去沙滩远足.

The proposal that John should be dismissed (dismiss v. 解雇) (同位语从句) is unacceptable (adj. 不能接受的).

The proposal(建议) that John put forward(定语从句) is unacceptable.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal(同位语从句1), that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights(同位语从句2), that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness(同位语从句3).

… had been seen / found / observed … …被看到, 发现于…

(NCE3-1) When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.

(NCE3-1) …, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

(NCE3-1) …, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.

(NCE3-1) … and puma fur(皮毛) was found clinging to bushes(灌木丛).

in / on / to the south of …

Shanghai is in the south of China. 上海在中国(内部)的南方.

Vietnam is on the south of China. 越南在中国的南方(和中国接壤).

Indonesia is to the south of China. 印度尼西亚在中国(外部, 有一段距离)的南方.

(NCE3-1) When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles (to the) south of London, they were not taken seriously.

100 kilometers south of Xi‘an 西安以南100公里.

take … seriously 重视 / 严肃对待…

take … lightly 轻视…

(NCE3-1) When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously (= they were taken lightly).

When reports(主语) came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London (同位语从句) (时间状语从句), they were not taken seriously.

When news(不可数) came into the national museum that an ancient tomb had been found 100 kilometers south of Xi’an, it was taken seriously.

However, as(随着) the evidence(n. 证据, 不可数) began to accumulate(v. 慢慢积累起来)(时间状语从句), experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate(v. 调查), for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma (定语从句, 修饰people)(定语从句, 修饰 the descriptions) were extraordinarily similar(for引导的原因状语从句, 一般起补充说明作用, 表达的因果关系不是那么强烈, 不能放在句首).

give / make descriptions 做描述.

(NCE3-1) …, for the descriptions (which were) given by people … = …, for the descriptions (which were) made by people …

(NCE3-1) The hunt (n. 搜寻) for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries (现在分词短语作定语, 修饰woman) saw a large cat only five yards away from her.

(NCE3-7) John had a very good day and put his wallet containing ￡3,000(现在分词短语作定语, 修饰wallet) into the microwave oven for safekeeping.

(NCE3-8) For hundreds of years(几百年来), St. Bernard dogs(圣伯纳德犬) have saved the lives of travelers crossing the dangerous Pass (现在分词短语作定语, 修饰travelers).

novels written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的小说.

movies directed by Zhang Yimou 张艺谋导演的电影.

The man leaning against the wall(定语1, 靠在墙上) named George(定语2) is my brother.

…, for the descriptions given by people who claimed (claim v. 声称) to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

claim to have done … 声称曾经做过某事.

claim to do … 声称做某事.

So far, no organization has claimed to be responsible for the accident. 迄今为止, 没有任何组织声称对这起事件负责.

(NCE3-30) Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox(不是别人, 就是Eric Cox), a third brother who was supposed to have died(被认为已经死了) as a young man.

extraordinarily adv. 特别地, 与众不同地.

(NCE3-1) … were extraordinarily similar. …特别地相似. = … were particularly alike. = … had a lot in common. = … had considerable (adj. 相当多的) commonalities.

-Though it was not exactly like looking in the mirror(看起来一模一样), you cannot deny that there is a certain commonality in our visages(你我二人的面容有一丝相似).

-I guess we do look a little bit alike(我们确实有点像).

As the cases began to accumulate, specialists felt obliged to investigate, for the symptoms of people who had caught the disease were extraordinarily similar.

The hunt for the puma(对美洲狮的搜寻) began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries(一个采黑莓的女人) saw ‘a large cat’ only five yards away from her(距她仅5码远, 1码=0.914米).

hunt for … (出去到处)搜寻, 寻找…

I am hunting for a job now. 我现在正在找工作.

The hunt for a job will begin tomorrow. 明天我就要开始找工作了.

the winter in America 美国的冬天.

the entrance to the parking lot 停车场的入口.

a witness to the accident 事故的目击者.

a longing for love 对爱情的渴望.

the reason for the disaster 大灾难的原因.

It immediately (adv. 立即) ran away(跑了) when she saw it, and experts confirmed (confirm v. 证实说) that a puma will not attack (v. 攻击) a human being unless it is cornered (被逼的走投无路, n. 角落, v. 把某人逼到角落里 / 使之陷入绝境).

The search (n. 搜寻) proved difficult (被证明是困难的), for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.

prove (to be) + adj. / n. 被证明是…

His injury (n. 外伤) proved (to be) fatal (adj. 致命的). 他的伤势被证明是致命的.

The operation proved (to be) a success. 这次手术被证明是成功的.

turn out to be + adj. / n. (有点出乎意料的味道)原来是…

(NCE3-3) When the archaeologists (archaeologist n.考古学家) reconstructed the fragments (将碎片重新拼起来), they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman (这个女神原来是一个摩登女郎).

Wherever it went (无论它走到哪里), it left behind it (在身后) a trail of (一连串的) dead deer and small animals like rabbits.

No matter where it went, it left behind it(状语前置) a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.

(NCE3-29) No matter where you live (无论你住在哪里), you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin’s early films. 无论你住在哪里, 你很难对查理卓别林早期的电影感到不好笑.

(NCE3-2) ‘Whatever are you doing up here Bill?’ asked the vicar in surprise.

Wherever did you go yesterday? 你昨天到底去哪了?

When ever am I going to see you again? 我到底什么时候才能再见你一面呀?

a trail of 一连串的…

Wherever he went, he left a trail of … behind him. 无论他走到哪里, 身后都留下一连串的…

Wherever he went, he left a trail of unpaid bills behind him. 无论他走到哪里, 身后都留下一连串未付的账单.

Wherever he went, he left a trail of broken hearts behind him. 无论他走到哪里, 身后都留下一连串破碎的心.

Paw (n. 爪子) prints (print n. 痕迹, 印痕) were seen in a number of places and puma fur (n. 毛皮) was found clinging to bushes (粘到灌木丛上, 主语补足语, 补充说明主语的状态). 人们在很多地方发现了美洲狮的爪痕, 它的毛也在灌木丛中被发现.

Increasing attention has been paid to the condition of the laid-off workers. 人们越来越关注下岗工人的生活状况了.

a fur coat 一件裘皮大衣.

fur and feather (n. 羽毛) 飞禽走兽(借代的修辞手法).

fin (n. 鱼鳍, 鱼翅), fur and feather = all kinds of animals

The crown (n. 王冠) should not yield (v. 屈服) to the cross (n. 十字架). 王权不应屈服于神权.

(NCE3-1) As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country (主语补足语, 修饰pumas), this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.

The fire was reported controlled (主语补足语, 修饰fire). 据报告, 大火已被控制住.

Several people (好几个人) complained of (抱怨说) ‘cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman (n. 商人) on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree(宾语补足语, 修饰puma).

complain of / about sth. 抱怨…

complain (that) 抱怨…

She complained (that) no one had been at the airport to meet her (宾语从句). 她抱怨道, 没有人到机场接她.

on a business / honeymoon trip 在出差 / 蜜月旅行的途中.

on a journey(中长距离的旅行) / voyage(出海远航) / (an) expedition(远征, 探险) / tour(环游, 周游) 在旅程途中/ 在航行途中 / 在远征、探险途中 / 在环游途中.

The experts were now fully convinced (完全相信, 完全信服, convince v. 使某人相信…) that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?

be convinced that … 某人确信…

convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事.

in that … / except that … / but that … 因为… / 除了…(情况)之外 / 除了…(情况)之外.

As (连词, 引导原因状语从句, 译为”因为”) no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country (主语补足语, 修饰pumas), this one must have been in the possession of a private collector (私人的收藏家) and somehow managed to escape.

must have done 表达一种强烈的肯定的对过去事情的推测.

You must have been ill yesterday. You looked so pale. 你昨天一定生病了, 我看见你面色苍白.

must 表达对现在 / 同时发生的事情的推测.

(NCE3-13) She knew that it must be the baker. 她知道敲门的一定是面包师.

may / might have done 对过去发生事情的推测, 把握不大.

can not / could not have done 对过去发生事情的否定推测.

You can’t have been ill yesterday. I saw you going shopping with your wife. 你昨天不可能病了, 我看到你和你妻子在购物.

(NCE3-60) The girl asked to (要求做某事) see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. 这个女孩要求看一下列车时刻表, 因为她肯定她爸爸当初不可能犯下这么大的错误.

should / ought to have done 表达比较强烈的责备语气, 过去应该完成的事情却没做.

should not / ought not to have done 表达比较强烈的责备语气, 过去不该做的事却做了.

You should have finished your work yesterday. 你昨天就该完成你的工作(为什么到现在都没完成).

I shouldn’t have shouted at you yesterday. 我昨天不该对你大吼大叫的.

-She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam. 她看起来很开心, 她一定通过了考试.

-I guess so. It’s not difficult at all. 我猜也是, 那考试一点也不难.

- I can’t find my purse (n. 女士的小包) anywhere. 我找不到我的小包了.

-You may have lost it while shopping. 也许你昨天购物的时候把它丢了.

-I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have shouted at you the other day. 抱歉, 那天我不该对你大吼大叫的.

-Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. 忘记吧, 我本身也有点失去理智.

The policeman declared that the blow on the victim’s head must have been made from behind. 这位警察声称, 受害者头部的重击一定来自身后.

in the possession of sb. / in one’s possession …归某人拥有.

in possession of sth. 某人拥有某物.

The book is in my possession. 这本书是我的.

I am in possession of the book. 这本书是我的.

in the charge of sb. / in one’s charge 归某人所管理.

in charge of … 某人管理某个机构.

The bookstore is in my charge. 这家书店归我管理.

I am in charge of the bookstore. 我管理这家书店.

manage to do 设法完成了某事.

try to do 设法去做某事.

(NCE3-2) Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another (以各种理由), but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.

fail to do 没能完成某事.

(NCE3-5) When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. 当记者再一次没能回复, 编辑不情愿地将文章以其原先写的那样发表了.

The hunt went on (持续) for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It (形式主语) is disturbing (adj. 令人不安的) to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside (真正的主语). 搜寻工作进行了好几个星期, 但还是没能抓住那只美洲狮. 一想到有一只危险的野生动物在宁静的乡间流窜, 就令人心神不安.