二分查找

//二分查找非递归实现

public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;

  while (low <= high) {
    int mid = (low + high) / 2;
    if (a[mid] == value) {
      return mid;
    } else if (a[mid] < value) {
      low = mid + 1;
    } else {
      high = mid - 1;
    }
  }

  return -1;
}

// 二分查找的递归实现

// 二分查找的递归实现
public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int val) {
  return bsearchInternally(a, 0, n - 1, val);
}

private int bsearchInternally(int[] a, int low, int high, int value) {
  if (low > high) return -1;

  int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
  if (a[mid] == value) {
    return mid;
  } else if (a[mid] < value) {
    return bsearchInternally(a, mid+1, high, value);
  } else {
    return bsearchInternally(a, low, mid-1, value);
  }
}

//变体一：查找第一个值等于给定值的元素

//变体一：查找第一个值等于给定值的元素
public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] > value) {
      high = mid - 1;
    } else if (a[mid] < value) {
      low = mid + 1;
    } else {
      if ((mid == 0) || (a[mid - 1] != value)) return mid;
      else high = mid - 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

查找最后一个值等于给定值的元素

public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] > value) {
      high = mid - 1;
    } else if (a[mid] < value) {
      low = mid + 1;
    } else {
      if ((mid == n - 1) || (a[mid + 1] != value)) return mid;
      else low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

查找第一个大于等于给定值的元素

public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] >= value) {
      if ((mid == 0) || (a[mid - 1] < value)) return mid;
      else high = mid - 1;
    } else {
      low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

查找最后一个小于等于给定值的元素

public int bsearch7(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] > value) {
      high = mid - 1;
    } else {
      if ((mid == n - 1) || (a[mid + 1] > value)) return mid;
      else low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}