【一】SpringMVC

于 2020-04-03 16:17:53 发布
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分类专栏： JavaEE 文章标签： spring
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一、搭建SpringMVC框架的基本流程

 

一、搭建SpringMVC框架的基本流程

1. 创建WEB工程,引入开发的jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.zmz</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVC_day01_01_start</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>SpringMVC_day01_01_start Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>SpringMVC_day01_01_start</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

2. 在web.xml配置文件中，配置前端解析器：DispatcherServlet

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <!--配置前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--加载SpringMVC.xml创建容器,并将bean加入到容器中-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:SpringMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--服务启动时就加载前端控制器-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

3. 在resources目录下，编写springmvc.xml的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zmz"/>

    <!--视图解析器对象-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置返回字符串，在哪里去查找jsp文件-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置自定义转换类型-->
    <bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
        <property name="converters">
            <set>
                <bean class="com.zmz.utils.UserDefineConverter"/>
            </set>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--前端控制器，哪些静态资源不拦截-->
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>

    <!--开启SpringMVC框架注释的支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
</beans>

二、请求参数的绑定

Controller类

package com.zmz.controller;

import com.zmz.domain.Account;
import com.zmz.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(path = "/param")
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    // 要与前端传过来的变量名一致，否则为空
    public String testParam(String username, String password) {
        System.out.println("执行了");
        System.out.println("用户名：" + username);
        System.out.println("密码：" + password);
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 根据前端传过来的字段创建Account实体类：前端传过来的字段要和javabean对象相同
     *
     * @param account Account 对象
     */
    @RequestMapping("/saveAccount")
    public String saveAccount(Account account) {
        System.out.println("执行了...");
        System.out.println(account);
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 自定义转换器
     *
     * @param user 用户对象
     */
    // method指定可以接收的请求方式
    @RequestMapping(value = "/saveUser", method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST})
    public String saveUser(User user) {
        System.out.println("saveUser 执行了。。。");
        System.out.println(user);
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 测试原生Servlet
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testServlet")
    public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        System.out.println("testServlet 执行了");
        System.out.println(request.getParameter("name"));
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println(session);
        System.out.println(session.getServletContext());
        System.out.println(response);
        return "success";
    }
}

三、常用的注解

Controller类

package com.zmz.controller;

import com.zmz.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus;

import java.util.Date;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/annotation")
@SessionAttributes(value={"msg"})  // 把msg=美美存入到session中
public class AnnotationController {
    /**
     * 指定了@RequestParam,前端一定要传键为name参数，后端接收到会赋值给username
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testRequestParam")
    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="username",required=false) String username) {
        System.out.println("testRequestParam执行了");
        System.out.println(username);
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 用于获取请求体的内容。直接获取到key=value&key=value....结构的数据，get方式不适用
     * 含有require属性，默认值为true。当取值为true时，get请求方式会报错。如果取值为false，get请求获取到的是null
     *
     * @param body 请求体
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
    public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String body) {
        System.out.println("testRequestBody 执行了");
        System.out.println(body.getClass().getName());
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 用于绑定url中的占位符
     */
    @RequestMapping("testPathVariable/{id}")
    public String testPathVariable(@PathVariable(name = "id") Integer id) {
        System.out.println("testPathVariable  执行了");
        System.out.println(id);
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 获取请求头信息（不常用）
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testRequestHeader")
    public String testRequestHeader(@RequestHeader("Accept") String header) {
        System.out.println("testRequestHeader 执行了");
        System.out.println(header);
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 获取cookie的值
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testCookieValue")
    public String testCookieValue(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookieValue) {
        System.out.println("testCookieValue 执行了..");
        System.out.println(cookieValue);
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * ModelAttribute用于在前端只传入了几个属性，可以根据这些属性查找到数据库中有的数据，创建对象；
     * 修饰方法使方法在控制器的方法（无论是什么方法，只要是该控制器的方法）执行前执行;修饰参数，获取指定数据给参数赋值
     * ModelAttribute的value值可以是最前执行函数的返回值，也可以是最先执行函数中的map的键
     */
    @RequestMapping("testModelAttribute")
    // public String updateUser(@ModelAttribute(value="abc") User user)
    public String testModelAttribute(@ModelAttribute("user") User user) {
        System.out.println("testModelAttribute执行了");
        System.out.println(user);
        return "success";
    }

    //    /**
//     * 无返回值
//     */
//    @ModelAttribute
//    public void showUser(String uname, Map<String, User> map) {
//        System.out.println("showUser执行了");
//        // 通过用户查询数据库（模拟）
//        User user = new User();
//        user.setUsername(uname);
//        user.setAge(18);
//        user.setBirthday(new Date());
//        map.put("abc",user);
//    }
    @ModelAttribute
    public User showUser(String uname) {
        System.out.println("showUser执行了");
        // 通过用户查询数据库（模拟）
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(uname);
        user.setAge(18);
        user.setBirthday(new Date());
        return user;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/testSessionAttributes")
    public String testSessionAttributes(Model model) {
        System.out.println("testSessionAttributes执行了");
        // 底层会存储到request域对象中
        model.addAttribute("msg", "美美");
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getSessionAttributes")
    public String getSessionAttributes(ModelMap model) {
        System.out.println("testSessionAttributes执行了");
        String msg = (String) model.get("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
        return "success";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/deleteSessionAttributes")
    public String deleteSessionAttributes(SessionStatus status){
        System.out.println("deleteSessionAttributes 执行了");
        status.setComplete();
        return "success";
    }
}

 

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