SpringCloud【进阶】01：零基础微服务架构搭建

于 2021-03-10 13:30:33 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_40964170/article/details/114589766
本文详细介绍如何使用 Spring Cloud 搭建微服务架构，包括父工程搭建、支付模块及消费者订单模块的构建过程，涉及 Maven 项目管理、YAML 配置、RESTful API 设计等内容。

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需求：实现1个消费者远程调用1个提供者

注：Cloud组件停更说明

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01、父工程Project空间新建

1、新建maven项目，遵循原则：约定 > 配置 >编码

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2、选择自己下载的maven

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3、字符编码选择 utf-8

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4、注解生效激活

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5、java编译版本选 jdk8

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02、父工程pom文件

1、删除父项目src目录

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2、导入pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.lian.springcloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <!--maven聚合项目用pom-->
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <!--统一管理jar包版本-->
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
  </properties>

  <!--子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子moudle不用写groupid和version
      爸爸的依赖儿子可用可不用，不用就自己创建版本号
  -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud hoxton.sr1-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud alibaba-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--mysql-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>${mysql.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--druid-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>${druid.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--mybatis-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--junit-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--lombok-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>${lombok.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--log4j-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

	<build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3、maven中跳过单元测试

IDEA右侧旁的Maven插件有Toggle ’ Skip Tests’ Mode按钮，这样maven可以跳过单元测试
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4、父工程创建完成执行mvn : install将父工程发布到仓库方便子工程继承

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03：支付模块构建(上)

创建微服务模块套路：

  1. 建Module
  2. 改POM
  3. 写YML
  4. 主启动
  5. 业务类

需求：

创建cloud-provider-payment8001微服务提供者支付Module模块：

1.建名为cloud-provider-payment8001的Maven工程

2.改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lian.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--包含了sleuth+zipkin-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka-client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <!--
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3.写YML

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service

  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: root

#mybatis必须要配置mapper映射，有 resources、class、url 或 package 的4种方式
mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.lian.springcloud.entities    # 所有Entity别名类所在包

4.主启动类

package com.lian.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

04：支付模块构建(中)

业务类执行步骤：

  1. 建表SQL
  2. entities
  3. dao层
  4. service层
  5. controller层

1、创建数据库表

CREATE TABLE `payment`(
	`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
    `serial` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY (id)
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

2、新建实体类

package com.lian.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

3、设置统一返回值， 替代返回值是String

package com.lian.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * 此类是JSON封装体，返回前端通用的json实体串，方便前端统一处理
 * @param <T>
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    //返回响应码
    private Integer code;
    //返回响应码对应消息
    private String message;
    //此处泛型，有可能是Payment类，也有可能是其他类
    public T data;

    //因为data有可能为null，所以此处定义一个两个参数的构造方法
    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
        //调用本类的构造方法
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

4、dao层

package com.lian.springcloud.dao;

import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

/**
 * 推荐用 @mapper，@Repostory一般在增加的时候可能会有问题
 */
@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {

    //增
    int create(Payment payment);

    //查
    Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);

}

MyBatis映射文件PaymentMapper.xml，路径：resources/mapper/PaymentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >

<mapper namespace="com.lian.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">

    <!--使用generateKey作用：返回数字1代表成功，所以增加操作一般返回值类型是int-->
    <insert id="create" parameterType="com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial});
    </insert>

    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id = #{id} ;
    </select>

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="serial" property="serial" javaType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
</mapper>

5、Service层

和dao层接口写成一样即可

package com.lian.springcloud.service;

import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

public interface PaymentService {

    //增
    int create(Payment payment);

    //查
    Payment getPaymentById(Long id);
}

实现类

package com.lian.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.lian.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lian.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Autowired
    PaymentDao paymentDao;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

6、controller层

package com.lian.springcloud.controller;

import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lian.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);

        log.info("插入结果是："+result);

        if (result > 0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
        } else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);

        if (payment != null){
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        } else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"查询失败,没有对应记录,查询id:"+id,null);
        }
    }
}

05支付模块构建(下)

1、测试

1、浏览器 - http://localhost:8001/payment/get/1
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2、Postman - http://localhost:8001/payment/create?serial=dan
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06：配置热部署Devtools

1、导入父项目依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

2、配置复制到聚合父类总工程的pom.xml

<build>
    <!--
	<finalName>你的工程名</finalName>（单一工程时添加）
    -->
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <fork>true</fork>
                <addResources>true</addResources>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

3、Enabling automatic build

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4、Update the value of

键入Ctrl + Shift + Alt + / ，打开Registry，勾选：

compiler.automake.allow.when.app.running

actionSystem.assertFocusAccessFromEdt
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5、重启IDEA

07：消费者订单模块(上)

1.建Module

创建名为cloud-consumer-order80的maven工程。

2.改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lian.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3.写YML

#application.yaml
server:
  port: 80

4.主启动

package com.lian.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
    }
}

5.业务类

消费者只远程调用其他服务，只吃饭不干事，所以消费者只需要实体类和控制层；

1、拷贝提供者的实体类
package com.lian.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 此类是支付类
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

package com.lian.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * 此类是JSON封装体，返回前端通用的json实体串，方便前端统一处理
 * @param <T>
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    //返回响应码
    private Integer code;
    //返回响应码对应消息
    private String message;
    //此处泛型，有可能是Payment类，也有可能是其他类
    public T data;

    //因为data有可能为null，所以此处定义一个两个参数的构造方法
    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
        //调用本类的构造方法
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}
2、配置类注入restTemplate到Spring容器
package com.lian.springcloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}
3、控制层
package com.lian.springcloud.controller;

import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

	@Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
    }
    
}
4、测试

运行cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程

浏览器 - http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1
在这里插入图片描述

5、RestTemplate介绍

RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集

官网地址
https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html

使用：

使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。

  • (url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表。
  • REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。

08：消费者订单模块(下)

1、 postman访问 http://localhost/consumer/payment/create?serial=xian

在这里插入图片描述

2、虽然，返回成功，但是观测数据库中，并没有创建serial为xian的行。

在这里插入图片描述

3、解决方法

在loud-provider-payment8001工程的PaymentController中添加@RequestBody注解。

package com.lian.springcloud.controller;

import com.lian.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lian.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lian.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 1. @requestBody可以将请求体中的JSON字符串绑定到相应的bean上
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);

        log.info("*****插入结果："+result);

        if (result > 0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
        } else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);

        if (payment != null){
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        } else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"查询失败,没有对应记录,查询id:"+id,null);
        }
    }
}

4、返回结果成功

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

5、快速打开Run Dashboard窗口

  1. 打开工程路径下的.idea文件夹的workspace.xml

在这里插入图片描述

  1. 在中修改或添加以下代码
<option name="configurationTypes">
	<set>
		<option value="SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType"/>
    </set>
</option>

由于idea版本差异，可能需要关闭重启，最新版idea的可能不适用。

09、工程重构

观察cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程有重复代码（entities包下的实体）

1.新建 cloud-api-commons

2.改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lian.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3.entities

将cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程的公有entities包移至cloud-api-commons工程下

4.maven的clean和install命令

maven clean、install cloud-api-commons工程，以供给cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程调用。
在这里插入图片描述

5.订单80和支付8001分别改造

  1. 将cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程的公有entities包移除
  2. 引入cloud-api-commons依赖
<!--引入公共实体类-->
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.lian.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
   <version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
  1. 再次测试查询和添加

查询操作
在这里插入图片描述
添加操作
在这里插入图片描述
查询数据库，添加成功
在这里插入图片描述

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