Zuul 记录一次 Forwarding error 问题

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-04 23:42:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-04 23:42:34 发布

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分类专栏： zuul 文章标签： java 开发语言

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文章描述了一位开发者遇到在使用SpringCloudZuul作为API网关时，遇到ZuulExceptionForwardingerror的500异常。问题在于通过服务名调用接口正常，但通过网关调用时出现异常。经过分析，发现可能是由于Zuul的RibbonRoutingFilter在处理请求时找不到可用服务器。解决方案包括检查服务注册、确认Zuul路由配置以及使用正确的服务ID。最终，开发者通过设置`zuul.routes.route1.url`为具体的服务URL解决了问题，但也揭示了Zuul如何自动从Eureka获取服务名并创建匹配路径。

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com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException: Forwarding error 看了好多的博客，各种方案都有，有的说是包的问题：把spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client 修改成 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client 这个包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

原因是：

zuul 要用到ribbon-zuul ，如果是 spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client 里面是没有的这个包的

我的情况是：

eureka:

看到网关和接口系统都是正常的状态，同时也是可以通过 url 去访问各自的服务接口：

user 接口：测试接口是正常的

测试通过服务名称方式去调用接口也是正常的：

======================= 下面是我的问题的复盘记录 ======================

通过网关调用时候就出现了这个500 异常，

错误日志：

com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException: Forwarding error
	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.RibbonRoutingFilter.handleException(RibbonRoutingFilter.java:189) ~[spring-cloud-netflix-zuul-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.RibbonRoutingFilter.forward(RibbonRoutingFilter.java:164) ~[spring-cloud-netflix-zuul-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.RibbonRoutingFilter.run(RibbonRoutingFilter.java:112) ~[spring-cloud-netflix-zuul-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
	at com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter.runFilter(ZuulFilter.java:117) ~[zuul-core-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
	at com.netflix.zuul.FilterProcessor.processZuulFilter(FilterProcessor.java:193) ~[zuul-core-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
	at com.netflix.zuul.FilterProcessor.runFilters(FilterProcessor.java:157) ~[zuul-core-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
	at com.netflix.zuul.FilterProcessor.route(FilterProcessor.java:118) ~[zuul-core-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
	at com.netflix.zuul.ZuulRunner.route(ZuulRunner.java:96) ~[zuul-core-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
	at com.netflix.zuul.http.ZuulServlet.route(ZuulServlet.java:116) ~[zuul-core-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
	at com.netflix.zuul.http.ZuulServlet.service(ZuulServlet.java:81) ~[zuul-core-1.3.1.jar:1.3.1]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ServletWrappingController.handleRequestInternal(ServletWrappingController.java:165) [spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController.handleRequest(ZuulController.java:44) [spring-cloud-netflix-zuul-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter.handle(SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter.java:52) [spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:991) [spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:925) [spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:974) [spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:866) [spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:851) [spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) [tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.boot.actuate.web.trace.servlet.HttpTraceFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpTraceFilter.java:90) [spring-boot-actuator-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar:2.0.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:93) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.servlet.WebMvcMetricsFilter.filterAndRecordMetrics(WebMvcMetricsFilter.java:155) [spring-boot-actuator-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar:2.0.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.servlet.WebMvcMetricsFilter.filterAndRecordMetrics(WebMvcMetricsFilter.java:123) [spring-boot-actuator-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar:2.0.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.web.servlet.WebMvcMetricsFilter.doFilterInternal(WebMvcMetricsFilter.java:108) [spring-boot-actuator-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar:2.0.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar:5.0.9.RELEASE]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:493) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:800) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:806) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1498) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_351]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_351]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar:8.5.34]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750) [na:1.8.0_351]
Caused by: com.netflix.client.ClientException: Load balancer does not have available server for client: route1
	at com.netflix.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerContext.getServerFromLoadBalancer(LoadBalancerContext.java:483) ~[ribbon-loadbalancer-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]

zuul 配置：

zuul.routes.route1.path= /user/**
zuul.routes.ronte1.serviceId=EUREKAUSER

URL: 通过下面两个方式都无法访问我的接口服务

192.166.88.2:9999/api-gateway/user/getjData

192.166.88.2:9999/api-gateway/user/user/getjData

分析：log

2023-02-02 13:57:47.922 INFO 33420 --- [nio-9999-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/user/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
2023-02-02 13:57:47.922 INFO 33420 --- [nio-9999-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/ronte1/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
2023-02-02 13:57:47.922 INFO 33420 --- [nio-9999-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/consumer/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
2023-02-02 13:57:47.923 INFO 33420 --- [nio-9999-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/eurekaconsumer/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
2023-02-02 13:57:47.923 INFO 33420 --- [nio-9999-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/eurekauser/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]

我什么时候定义了/ronte1/**那还有这个/eurekauser/**是怎么来的，这个问题后面会解析

通过异常去打断点：

192.166.88.2:9999/api-gateway/user/user/getjData 看到他匹配给我的zuul.routes.route1.path= /user/**

seriveId 是 route1 所以导致找不到服务名称，所以就是说

zuul.routes.route1.path= /user/**  
表示会拦截 /user/** 会识别到 seriveId = route1   proxy  = route1
通过这个方式怎么才可以正常访问，可以通过 path + url 方式去访问

zuul.routes.route1.path= /user/**
zuul.routes.route1.url=http://192.166.88.2:8081/user/

通过 192.166.88.2:9999/api-gateway/user/getjData 就可以访问了

因为url 的方式没有通过 RibbonCommandContext ，所以他没有负载均衡的作用，只是普通的url 映射。

回到前面的疑问还有这个/eurekauser/**是怎么来的，其实这个是zuul 自动来取eureka 的

zuul 注册到eureka 的时候，会自动生成一个匹配，所以是不用配置路由也是可以通过服务名去调用

案例测试：在没有配置网关服务名称的情况下，zuul 通过eureka 会生成对于的服务名和匹配的url

比如：servierId=eurekauser 会自动匹配url 是这个的 /eurekauser/**

所以可以直接通过服务名称去调用

网关的log: 看到有一个这样的服务url 匹配，这个我明明是没有配置怎么来的那？

 Mapped URL path [/eurekaconsumer/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.web.ZuulController]
: Mapped URL path [/eurekauser/**]

这样问题来了，这个下面这个配置表示什么意思那，明明都已经有了服务名了

zuul.routes.ronte1.serviceId=EUREKAUSER

其实这个的含义就是 url 匹配到ronte1 ，他会mapping 到 EUREKAUSER 服务名称 Mapped URL path [/ronte1/**] ，

就是 /ronte1/** --》》》 serviceId= EUREKAUSER

所以可以用服务名或者前缀去访问我们定义的接口

192.166.88.2:9999/api-gateway/ronte1/user/getjData

192.166.88.2:9999/api-gateway/eurekauser/user/getjData

zuul的yml如果不配置路由，那么访问zuul网关的默认方式：http://zuulHostIp:port/要访问的微服务名称/服务中的url

zuul.routes.ronte1.serviceId=EUREKAUSER

所以是用serviceId 方式，前面的路由名字 ronte1 其实是有作用的，不是说随意的，我看到网上说这个是随意的，感觉不太对的

代码的追踪：

    protected RibbonCommandContext buildCommandContext(RequestContext context) {
        HttpServletRequest request = context.getRequest();
        MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = this.helper.buildZuulRequestHeaders(request);
        MultiValueMap<String, String> params = this.helper.buildZuulRequestQueryParams(request);
        String verb = this.getVerb(request);
        InputStream requestEntity = this.getRequestBody(request);
        if (request.getContentLength() < 0 && !verb.equalsIgnoreCase("GET")) {
            context.setChunkedRequestBody();
        }

        String serviceId = (String)context.get("serviceId");
        Boolean retryable = (Boolean)context.get("retryable");
        Object loadBalancerKey = context.get("loadBalancerKey");
        String uri = this.helper.buildZuulRequestURI(request);
        uri = uri.replace("//", "/");
        long contentLength = this.useServlet31 ? request.getContentLengthLong() : (long)request.getContentLength();
        return new RibbonCommandContext(serviceId, verb, uri, retryable, headers, params, requestEntity, this.requestCustomizers, contentLength, loadBalancerKey);
    }