netbios设置 ubuntu_ubuntu16.04上安装配置DHCP服务的详细过程

DHCP服务器是为客户端机器分配IP地址的，所有分配的IP地址都保存在DHCP服务器的数据库中。为了在子网中实现DHCP分配IP地址，需要在目标主机上安装配置DHCP服务。

安装DHCP服务

安装isc-dhcp-server：

$ sudo apt install isc-dhcp-server

配置DHCP服务

首先需要知道目标主机的网卡名称：

$ ifconfig

得到以下信息：

eno1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:39:35:46:10:f5

UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:37752 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:2202 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:2975927 (2.9 MB) TX bytes:226745 (226.7 KB)

Interrupt:20 Memory:fe400000-fe420000

enx00e04c6802a0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:e0:4c:68:02:a0

inet addr:10.11.12.13 Bcast:10.11.12.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::ae12:d219:10b4:71b4/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:7478 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:423 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:753496 (753.4 KB) TX bytes:51662 (51.6 KB)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

RX packets:316 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:316 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:23353 (23.3 KB) TX bytes:23353 (23.3 KB)

可以看到，目标主机的两张网卡名称分别为eno1和enx00e04c6802a0，其中eno1可用。

接下来配置 /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server 文件。

$ sudo vim /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server

将INTERFACES的内容补充为目标主机的网卡名称eno1。

root@test:~# sudo vim /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server

# Defaults for isc-dhcp-server initscript

# sourced by /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server

# installed at /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server by the maintainer scripts

#

# This is a POSIX shell fragment

#

# Path to dhcpd's config file (default: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf).

#DHCPD_CONF=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# Path to dhcpd's PID file (default: /var/run/dhcpd.pid).

#DHCPD_PID=/var/run/dhcpd.pid

# Additional options to start dhcpd with.

# Don't use options -cf or -pf here; use DHCPD_CONF/ DHCPD_PID instead

#OPTIONS=""

# On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?

# Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. "eth0 eth1".

INTERFACES="eno1"

配置 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 文件：

$ sudo vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

文件内容中需要配置的是域名和子网IP等信息，对于第一文件片段中的

option domain-name “example.org” 不用修改，下一行的domain-name-server需要注释掉在第二文件片段中补充。

目标主机的子网IP为192.168.100.1，因此:

subnet为192.168.100.0

DHCP分配范围设置为10-254，其余地址留给广播和静态IP

网关和DNS均设置为192.168.100.1

广播地址为192.168.100.255

ntp-servers和netbios-name-servers设置与DNS一致

netbios-node-type默认为8

root@test:~# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

#

# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd for Debian

#

# Attention: If /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf exists, that will be used as

# configuration file instead of this file.

#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...

option domain-name "example.org";

#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

# This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.100.10 192.168.100.254;

option routers 192.168.100.1;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option broadcast-address 192.168.100.255;

option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.1;

option ntp-servers 192.168.100.1;

option netbios-name-servers 192.168.100.1;

option netbios-node-type 8;

}

#subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

# range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;

# option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;

#}

配置完成之后重启DHCP服务：

$ sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart

查看dhcp是否正常运行：

$ sudo netstat -uap

当显示dhcpd的program name时表示dhcp服务安装配置启动成功

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

udp 0 0 localhost:domain 0.0.0.0:* 820/systemd-resolve

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootps 0.0.0.0:* 3848/dhcpd

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ipp 0.0.0.0:* 1075/cups-browsed

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53979 0.0.0.0:* 3848/dhcpd

udp 8448 0 test:mdns 0.0.0.0:* 1675/nxserver.bin

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:mdns 0.0.0.0:* 1675/nxserver.bin

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:mdns 0.0.0.0:* 940/avahi-daemon: r

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40539 0.0.0.0:* 940/avahi-daemon: r

udp6 0 0 [::]:24554 [::]:* 3848/dhcpd

udp6 0 0 [::]:37176 [::]:* 940/avahi-daemon: r

udp6 0 0 [::]:mdns [::]:* 940/avahi-daemon: r root@test:/home/test/Documents/

配置过程中的调试

第一次配置过程中很有可能出现配置失败无法启动dhcp的情况，笔者第一次配置时也是遇到了很多问题，后来发现查看日志是最可靠的方法。

查看系统日志：

# vim /var/log/syslog

上面记录了失败的具体原因，定位到行，能比较有效地减少 花在配置错误上面的分析时间。

另外，官方的guidebook和Q&A也是比较有效工具。

其他相关配置：

双网卡静态地址配置：

# vim /etc/network/interfaces

示例：

# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback

auto eno1

iface eno1 inet static

address 10.11.12.13

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 10.11.12.0

gateway 10.11.12.1

auto enx00e04c6802a0

iface enx00e04c6802a0 inet static

address 192.168.100.1

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 192.168.100.0

broadcast 192.168.100.255

关闭/开启/重启 禁用/启用ubuntu network-manager：

# service network-manager stop

# service network-manager start

# service network-manager restart

# systemctl disable NetworkManager.service

# systemctl enable NetworkManager.service

强制刷新网卡IP：

# ip addr flush dev eno1

# ifdown eno1

# ifup eno1

增加默认网关：

# route add default gw 10.11.12.1

重启网络服务：

# sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart