html5 graphics with svg & css3,BUILDING WORKFLOW DIAGRAMS WITH SVG, HTML5, CSS3 AND JAVASCRIPT

本文介绍了如何利用SVG、HTML5、CSS3和JavaScript开发一个GUI网页界面,用于轻松设计和建模工作流过程的任务。通过实例展示了这些技术在表示工作流状态和连接步骤方面的功能。

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摘要:

According to Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) , workflow is a term used to describe the automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed from one participant to another for action (activities), based to a set of procedural rules. To a software developer, the word workflow, typically conjures up images of a highly graphical environment where complex business rules are declared visually rather than entirely in code. Individual tasks are organized into an appropriate sequence, and branching and looping decision are declared to control the flow of execution between tasks. In this paper we will present the usage of SVG, HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript for the development of a GUI web interface that allow us to easily design and model the tasks of a workflow process. A comparison of the features that the above technologies provide for symbolizing workflow statuses and connector steps will be presented in an example driven manner.

展开

<think>我们讨论的是netlistsvg,它是一个用JavaScript编写的工具,用于将电路的JSON表示(通常由Yosys生成)转换为SVG图形。目前,官方并没有提供Python版本的netlistsvg。但是,我们可以通过以下方式在Python中使用它: 1. **通过子进程调用**:在Python中调用Node.js环境下的netlistsvg命令。 2. **使用Python重写netlistsvg的功能**:利用Python的SVG生成库(如svgwrite)根据JSON文件生成SVG。 ### 方法1:通过子进程调用(推荐) 这是最直接的方法,前提是系统已经安装了Node.js和netlistsvg。 #### 安装netlistsvg 在开始之前,确保已经安装: ```bash npm install -g netlistsvg ``` #### Python调用代码 ```python import subprocess import os import sys def json_to_svg(json_path, svg_path): """ 使用netlistsvg将JSON文件转换为SVG :param json_path: 输入的JSON文件路径 :param svg_path: 输出的SVG文件路径 """ # 确保输出目录存在 os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(svg_path), exist_ok=True) # 构建命令 cmd = ['netlistsvg', json_path, '-o', svg_path] try: subprocess.run(cmd, check=True) print(f"SVG文件已生成: {svg_path}") except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: print(f"错误: {e.stderr}") sys.exit(1) except FileNotFoundError: print("未找到netlistsvg命令,请确保已安装netlistsvg并配置到PATH环境变量中。") sys.exit(1) # 使用示例 json_to_svg('design.json', 'output/circuit.svg') ``` ### 方法2:使用Python重写netlistsvg功能(简化版) 由于netlistsvg的功能较为复杂(包括布局、连线、门符号绘制等),完全重写工作量很大。这里提供一个简化版,仅支持基本门电路和连线的绘制。 #### 步骤: 1. 解析Yosys生成的JSON文件(结构示例见下文) 2. 根据模块信息布局 3. 绘制门电路符号 4. 绘制连接线 #### Yosys JSON结构示例 ```json { "modules": { "top": { "ports": { "A": { "direction": "input", "bits": [1] }, "B": { "direction": "input", "bits": [2] }, "Y": { "direction": "output", "bits": [3] } }, "cells": { "and_gate": { "type": "$and", "port_directions": { "A": "input", "B": "input", "Y": "output" }, "connections": { "A": [1], "B": [2], "Y": [3] } } }, "netnames": { ... } } } } ``` #### Python实现代码 ```python import json import svgwrite from svgwrite.container import Group class NetlistSVG: def __init__(self, json_path, svg_path): self.json_path = json_path self.svg_path = svg_path self.data = None self.dwg = None self.cell_width = 80 self.cell_height = 40 self.vertical_spacing = 60 self.horizontal_spacing = 100 self.port_radius = 5 self.wire_stroke = "black" self.wire_width = 2 def load_json(self): with open(self.json_path, 'r') as f: self.data = json.load(f) def draw_cell(self, cell_name, cell_info, x, y): """绘制一个逻辑门""" # 绘制矩形 rect = self.dwg.rect(insert=(x, y), size=(self.cell_width, self.cell_height), fill='white', stroke='black', stroke_width=1) self.dwg.add(rect) # 绘制门类型标签 cell_type = cell_info['type'].replace('$', '') # 去掉$符号 text = self.dwg.text(cell_type.upper(), insert=(x + 10, y + self.cell_height//2), fill='black', font_size=12, font_family='Arial') self.dwg.add(text) # 绘制输入端口 inputs = [port for port, dir in cell_info['port_directions'].items() if dir == 'input'] for i, input_port in enumerate(inputs): port_y = y + (i+1) * (self.cell_height / (len(inputs)+1)) circle = self.dwg.circle(center=(x, port_y), r=self.port_radius, fill='red') self.dwg.add(circle) # 记录端口位置,用于连线 cell_info['ports_pos'] = cell_info.get('ports_pos', {}) cell_info['ports_pos'][input_port] = (x, port_y) # 绘制输出端口 outputs = [port for port, dir in cell_info['port_directions'].items() if dir == 'output'] for i, output_port in enumerate(outputs): port_y = y + (i+1) * (self.cell_height / (len(outputs)+1)) circle = self.dwg.circle(center=(x + self.cell_width, port_y), r=self.port_radius, fill='blue') self.dwg.add(circle) cell_info['ports_pos'][output_port] = (x + self.cell_width, port_y) return cell_info def draw_wire(self, start, end): """绘制连接线""" line = self.dwg.line(start=start, end=end, stroke=self.wire_stroke, stroke_width=self.wire_width) self.dwg.add(line) def generate_svg(self): """生成SVG文件""" self.load_json() self.dwg = svgwrite.Drawing(self.svg_path, size=('1000', '1000')) # 获取顶层模块 top_module = self.data['modules']['top'] # 绘制输入端口 inputs = [port for port, info in top_module['ports'].items() if info['direction'] == 'input'] input_positions = {} for i, port in enumerate(inputs): x = 50 y = 100 + i * self.vertical_spacing # 绘制端口 circle = self.dwg.circle(center=(x, y), r=self.port_radius, fill='green') self.dwg.add(circle) # 标签 text = self.dwg.text(port, insert=(x-20, y), font_size=12) self.dwg.add(text) input_positions[port] = (x, y) # 绘制输出端口 outputs = [port for port, info in top_module['ports'].items() if info['direction'] == 'output'] output_positions = {} for i, port in enumerate(outputs): x = 900 y = 100 + i * self.vertical_spacing circle = self.dwg.circle(center=(x, y), r=self.port_radius, fill='purple') self.dwg.add(circle) text = self.dwg.text(port, insert=(x+10, y), font_size=12) self.dwg.add(text) output_positions[port] = (x, y) # 绘制单元 cell_positions = {} cells = top_module['cells'] for i, (cell_name, cell_info) in enumerate(cells.items()): x = 200 + (i % 3) * self.horizontal_spacing y = 100 + (i // 3) * self.vertical_spacing updated_info = self.draw_cell(cell_name, cell_info, x, y) cells[cell_name] = updated_info cell_positions[cell_name] = (x, y) # 绘制连线(简化版:只画从输入到单元和单元到输出) # 注意:实际需要根据连接关系绘制,这里仅示意 for cell_name, cell_info in cells.items(): # 每个单元的输入端口连接到顶层输入或其它单元的输出 for port, connections in cell_info['connections'].items(): if port in cell_info['port_directions'] and cell_info['port_directions'][port] == 'input': # 假设每个连接只连一个网 net_id = connections[0] # 在实际中需要根据net_id找到驱动源(可能是顶层输入或其他单元输出) # 这里简化:如果是输入端口,则连接到顶层输入 if net_id in input_positions: start = input_positions[net_id] end = cell_info['ports_pos'][port] self.draw_wire(start, end) # 每个单元的输出端口连接到顶层输出或其它单元的输入 for port, connections in cell_info['connections'].items(): if port in cell_info['port_directions'] and cell_info['port_directions'][port] == 'output': net_id = connections[0] if net_id in output_positions: start = cell_info['ports_pos'][port] end = output_positions[net_id] self.draw_wire(start, end) self.dwg.save() print(f"SVG已生成: {self.svg_path}") # 使用示例 converter = NetlistSVG('design.json', 'custom_netlist.svg') converter.generate_svg() ``` ### 注意事项 1. **局限性**: - 上述Python实现仅为概念验证,不支持复杂设计(如多比特信号、层次化设计) - 实际布局算法非常复杂(需要自动布局引擎如Dagre) - 未实现交叉线优化和总线绘制 2. **完整方案建议**: - 使用现有的JavaScript库:在Python中通过子进程调用是更可靠的方法 - 考虑使用Emscripten将netlistsvg编译为WebAssembly,然后在Python中使用wasm运行时 3. **替代工具**: - **PyRTL**:Python硬件描述和可视化库 - **netgraph**:Python网络图绘制库(适合网表) - **Graphviz**:通过DOT语言生成布局 ### 专业建议 对于需要高质量可视化的生产环境: 1. 使用Yosys生成JSON 2. 通过Node.js调用netlistsvg 3. 在Python中封装为函数 ```python def netlistsvg(json_input, svg_output, theme=None, options=None): cmd = ['netlistsvg', json_input, '-o', svg_output] if theme: cmd.extend(['--theme', theme]) # 添加其他选项... subprocess.run(cmd, check=True) ``` §§相关问题§§: 1. 如何在Python中调用Node.js模块? 2. 有哪些Python库可以用于生成SVG图形? 3. 如何解析Yosys生成的JSON网表文件? 4. 在电路可视化中,自动布局算法(如Dagre)是如何工作的?</think>### Python 中的 netlistsvg 替代方案 netlistsvg 本身是一个基于 JavaScript/Node.js 的工具,没有官方的纯 Python 版本。但我们可以通过多种方式在 Python 环境中使用它,或者找到功能相似的 Python 替代方案。以下是完整的解决方案: #### 方法 1:在 Python 中调用 netlistsvg(推荐) 这是最直接的方法,通过 Python 的 subprocess 模块调用已安装的 netlistsvg: ```python import subprocess import os import json import sys def run_netlistsvg(input_json, output_svg, theme=None): """ 在 Python 中调用 netlistsvg 生成电路图 :param input_json: Yosys 生成的 JSON 文件路径 :param output_svg: 输出的 SVG 文件路径 :param theme: 可选的主题文件路径 """ # 确保输出目录存在 os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(output_svg), exist_ok=True) # 构建命令 cmd = ['netlistsvg', input_json, '-o', output_svg] if theme: cmd.extend(['--theme', theme]) try: result = subprocess.run( cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True ) print(f"SVG 文件已生成: {output_svg}") return True except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: print(f"错误: {e.stderr}") return False except FileNotFoundError: print("未找到 netlistsvg 命令,请确保已安装 netlistsvg") print("安装方法: npm install -g netlistsvg") return False # 使用示例 if __name__ == "__main__": # 生成 JSON 文件 (使用 Yosys) yosys_cmd = [ "yosys", "-p", "read_verilog design.v; synth; write_json design.json" ] subprocess.run(yosys_cmd, check=True) # 调用 netlistsvg success = run_netlistsvg( "design.json", "output/circuit.svg", theme="light" # 可选: light, dark 或自定义主题文件 ) if success: print("电路图生成成功!") ``` #### 方法 2:使用 Python 实现的替代库 虽然 netlistsvg 没有 Python 移植版,但有类似的 Python 库可以生成电路图: ##### 方案 1:使用 PyRTL(纯 Python 硬件描述和可视化) ```python import pyrtl from pyrtl.visualization import output_to_svg # 创建简单电路 def create_circuit(): a = pyrtl.Input(1, 'a') b = pyrtl.Input(1, 'b') c = pyrtl.Output(1, 'c') d = pyrtl.Output(1, 'd') sum = a ^ b carry = a & b c <<= sum d <<= carry # 生成电路图 def generate_pyrtl_svg(output_path="pyrtl_circuit.svg"): # 重置工作空间 pyrtl.reset_working_block() # 创建电路 create_circuit() # 生成 SVG output_to_svg(output_path, block=pyrtl.working_block()) print(f"PyRTL 电路图已保存到 {output_path}") # 使用示例 generate_pyrtl_svg("half_adder.svg") ``` ##### 方案 2:使用 SchemDraw(通用电路图绘制) ```python import schemdraw import schemdraw.elements as elm def draw_circuit_svg(output_path="schemdraw_circuit.svg"): d = schemdraw.Drawing() # 添加元件 d += (V1 := elm.SourceV().label('5V')) d += elm.Line().right() d += (R1 := elm.Resistor().down().label('1kΩ')) d += elm.Line().left() d += elm.Ground() d += elm.Line().right() d += (LED := elm.LED().down().label('LED')) d += elm.Line().left() d += elm.Ground() # 添加标签 d += elm.Dot().at(V1.end).label('A') d += elm.Dot().at(R1.start).label('B') d += elm.Dot().at(LED.start).label('C') # 保存为 SVG d.save(output_path) print(f"电路图已保存到 {output_path}") # 使用示例 draw_circuit_svg("led_circuit.svg") ``` #### 方法 3:使用 Python 创建 netlistsvg 的封装类 创建一个高级封装类,简化 netlistsvg 的使用: ```python import subprocess import os import tempfile import json class CircuitVisualizer: def __init__(self, theme="light", output_dir="circuit_diagrams"): self.theme = theme self.output_dir = output_dir os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True) def from_yosys_json(self, json_file, output_name): """直接从 Yosys JSON 文件生成 SVG""" output_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, f"{output_name}.svg") return run_netlistsvg(json_file, output_path, self.theme) def from_verilog(self, verilog_code, output_name): """从 Verilog 代码生成电路图""" # 创建临时文件 with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+', suffix='.v', delete=False) as v_file: v_file.write(verilog_code) v_file_path = v_file.name # 生成 JSON json_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, f"{output_name}.json") yosys_cmd = [ "yosys", "-p", f"read_verilog {v_file_path}; synth; write_json {json_path}" ] subprocess.run(yosys_cmd, check=True) # 生成 SVG svg_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, f"{output_name}.svg") success = run_netlistsvg(json_path, svg_path, self.theme) # 清理 os.unlink(v_file_path) return success def generate_custom_theme(self, theme_name, colors): """创建自定义主题""" theme = { "background": colors.get("background", "#ffffff"), "wire": colors.get("wire", "#000000"), "gate": { "fill": colors.get("gate_fill", "#f0f0f0"), "stroke": colors.get("gate_stroke", "#000000") }, "text": { "color": colors.get("text_color", "#333333") } } theme_path = os.path.join(self.output_dir, f"{theme_name}.json") with open(theme_path, 'w') as f: json.dump(theme, f) return theme_path # 使用示例 if __name__ == "__main__": visualizer = CircuitVisualizer(theme="dark", output_dir="my_circuits") # 自定义主题 custom_theme = visualizer.generate_custom_theme( "blue_theme", {"background": "#e6f7ff", "wire": "#1890ff", "gate_fill": "#bae7ff"} ) # 从 Verilog 代码生成电路图 verilog_code = """ module adder(input a, b, output sum, carry); assign sum = a ^ b; assign carry = a & b; endmodule """ visualizer.from_verilog(verilog_code, "half_adder") ``` #### 方法 4:使用 Web API 集成(远程 netlistsvg 服务) 如果不想本地安装 Node.js,可以搭建一个 netlistsvg 的 Web 服务: ```python import requests import json import os class NetlistSVGClient: def __init__(self, api_url="http://localhost:3000/generate"): self.api_url = api_url def generate_svg(self, json_data, output_path, theme="light"): """通过 API 生成 SVG""" payload = { "netlist": json_data, "theme": theme } try: response = requests.post( self.api_url, json=payload, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'} ) response.raise_for_status() # 保存 SVG with open(output_path, 'w') as f: f.write(response.text) print(f"SVG 已保存到 {output_path}") return True except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"API 错误: {str(e)}") return False # 使用示例 if __name__ == "__main__": # 本地需要先启动 netlistsvg 服务: # npx netlistsvg-server client = NetlistSVGClient() # 示例电路数据 (实际使用时应从 Yosys 获取) sample_circuit = { "modules": { "adder": { "ports": { "a": {"direction": "input"}, "b": {"direction": "input"}, "sum": {"direction": "output"}, "carry": {"direction": "output"} }, "cells": { "xor1": { "type": "$xor", "connections": { "A": "a", "B": "b", "Y": "sum" } }, "and1": { "type": "$and", "connections": { "A": "a", "B": "b", "Y": "carry" } } } } } } client.generate_svg( json_data=sample_circuit, output_path="remote_circuit.svg", theme="dark" ) ``` ### 安装指南 要使用上述解决方案,需要安装以下依赖: ```bash # 安装 Yosys sudo apt install yosys # Linux brew install yosys # macOS # 安装 netlistsvg (用于方法1和4) npm install -g netlistsvg # 安装 Python 库 pip install pyrtl schemdraw requests ``` ### 常见问题解决方案 1. **netlistsvg 未找到错误**: ```python def ensure_netlistsvg_installed(): try: subprocess.run(["netlistsvg", "--version"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=True) return True except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError): print("netlistsvg 未安装,尝试自动安装...") try: subprocess.run(["npm", "install", "-g", "netlistsvg"], check=True) return True except Exception as e: print(f"安装失败: {str(e)}") return False ``` 2. **自定义主题**: ```python def create_custom_theme(theme_name, colors): """创建自定义 netlistsvg 主题""" theme = { "name": theme_name, "background": colors.get("background", "#FFFFFF"), "wire": { "stroke": colors.get("wire_stroke", "#000000"), "stroke-width": colors.get("wire_width", 2) }, "gate": { "fill": colors.get("gate_fill", "#F0F0F0"), "stroke": colors.get("gate_stroke", "#000000"), "stroke-width": 1.5 }, "text": { "color": colors.get("text_color", "#333333"), "font-family": "Arial, sans-serif" } } theme_path = f"{theme_name}.json" with open(theme_path, 'w') as f: json.dump(theme, f) return theme_path ``` 3. **处理大型设计**: ```python def visualize_large_design(verilog_files, output_dir="hierarchy"): """分层可视化大型设计""" os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True) # 步骤1: 生成层次结构 hierarchy_cmd = f"yosys -p 'hierarchy -top top; write_json {output_dir}/hierarchy.json' {' '.join(verilog_files)}" subprocess.run(hierarchy_cmd, shell=True, check=True) # 步骤2: 解析层次结构 with open(f"{output_dir}/hierarchy.json") as f: hierarchy = json.load(f) # 步骤3: 为每个模块生成电路图 for module_name in hierarchy["modules"]: module_cmd = ( f"yosys -p 'read_verilog {' '.join(verilog_files)}; " f"hierarchy -top {module_name}; " f"proc; opt; memory; opt; " f"write_json {output_dir}/{module_name}.json'" ) subprocess.run(module_cmd, shell=True, check=True) run_netlistsvg( f"{output_dir}/{module_name}.json", f"{output_dir}/{module_name}.svg" ) print(f"分层电路图已生成到 {output_dir} 目录") ``` ### 专业建议 1. **自动化工作流集成**: ```python def design_visualization_workflow(verilog_path): """端到端的电路设计可视化工作流""" # 1. 代码检查 run_linter(verilog_path) # 2. 综合 synth_result = run_yosys_synthesis(verilog_path) # 3. 生成电路图 if synth_result["success"]: generate_netlist_svg(synth_result["json_path"]) # 4. 生成报告 generate_design_report(verilog_path, synth_result) ``` 2. **交互式电路图**: ```python def create_interactive_svg(svg_path): """向 SVG 添加交互功能""" with open(svg_path, 'r+') as f: content = f.read() # 添加 JavaScript 交互 js_code = """ <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { const gates = document.querySelectorAll('[class^="gate"]'); gates.forEach(gate => { gate.addEventListener('click', function() { const info = this.querySelector('title')?.textContent; if (info) alert(`Gate Info: ${info}`); }); gate.addEventListener('mouseover', function() { this.style.stroke = 'red'; this.style.strokeWidth = '2px'; }); gate.addEventListener('mouseout', function() { this.style.stroke = ''; this.style.strokeWidth = ''; }); }); }); </script> </svg> """ # 插入 JavaScript if '</svg>' in content: new_content = content.replace('</svg>', js_code) f.seek(0) f.write(new_content) f.truncate() ``` 3. **与 Jupyter 集成**: ```python from IPython.display import SVG, display def show_circuit_in_notebook(verilog_code): """在 Jupyter Notebook 中显示电路图""" with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.v') as v_file: v_file.write(verilog_code.encode()) v_file.flush() json_file = "temp_design.json" svg_file = "temp_circuit.svg" # 生成 JSON subprocess.run([ "yosys", "-p", f"read_verilog {v_file.name}; synth; write_json {json_file}" ], check=True) # 生成 SVG run_netlistsvg(json_file, svg_file) # 显示 SVG display(SVG(filename=svg_file)) # 清理 os.unlink(json_file) os.unlink(svg_file) # 在 Jupyter 中使用: # show_circuit_in_notebook(""" # module and_gate(input a, b, output y); # assign y = a & b; # endmodule # """) ```
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