#python学习笔记（一）#背景知识_comma python-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_38980061/article/details/120845784

本文介绍了Python编程的基础，包括学习资源、计算机硬件结构、编程基本概念如单词和句子，以及如何通过Atom文本编辑器编写和运行Python程序。此外，还讲解了程序的构建块和常见的Python错误类型。

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1. Learning materials

2. Computer hardware structure

3 Words and sentence

4 Coversing with python

5 Writing a program using a text editor (Atom)

6 The building blocks of programs

7 Python errors

1. Learning materials

python for everybody book：PY4E - Python for Everybody

coursera 课程： Python for Everybody | Coursera

python下载：Download Python | Python.org

文本编辑器下载：Atom

2. Computer hardware structure

▲Central Processing Unit (CPU)：“询问”Wha's next并迅速执行命令

▲main memory：暂时储存CPU所需的数据，速度和CPU接近，关机后则清除

▲secondary memory：长期储存数据，速度慢（如USB盘）

▲input and output device：与电脑交互的屏幕、鼠标、键盘等

▲network connection：相当于一个更慢且更不可靠的secondary memory

As a programmer you will mostly be “talking” to the CPU and telling it what to do next. Sometimes you will tell the CPU to use the main memory, secondary memory, network, or the input/output devices.

程序员：回答CPU的“what‘s next"，给出指令

We call these stored instructions a program and the act of writing these instructions down and getting the instructions to be correct programming.

程序：储存的指令

编程：正确编写指令

3 Words and sentence

▲ reserved words：对于python具有独特意义的词

and as assert break class continue def

del elif else except finally for from

global if import in is lambda nonlocal

not or pass raise return try while

with yield

▲ variables：自己命名的变量用于标记需要储存的数据，不能使用reserved words，不同的变量名对python没有任何区别，但好的变量名能帮助编程者理解程序

>>> x = 6
>>> print(x)
6
>>> y = x * 7
>>> print(y)
42
>>>

▲ sentence：如：

print('Jackson Yee!')

4 Coversing with python

1. 安装好python后打开搜索栏搜索命令提示符（command）

2.输入python之后出现>>>，即表示进入与python”对话“模式

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19042.1288]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\123>python
Python 3.10.0 (tags/v3.10.0:b494f59, Oct  4 2021, 19:00:18) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print('Jackson Yee!')
Jackson Yee!
>>>

3. 当输入python无法理解的语句时就会出现syntax error,退出python用quit()

>>> good bye!
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    good bye!
    ^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
>>> quit()

C:\Users\123>

5 Writing a program using a text editor (Atom)

当需要解决一个复杂问题时，需要写多行代码，采用Atom编写成一个.py文件后执行

1.Atom 界面

2. File-new file新建文档

3. File-Save as成一个后缀.py的文件后自动识别python的语句特点（如reserved words用颜色区分）

4. 保存后即可通过command命令提示符运行整个文件 python xxx.py

C:\Users\123>cd desktop/python  ###打开.py文件所在位置

C:\Users\123\Desktop\python>python example.py  ###python xxx.py运行
Jackson Yee
Glitter Forever!

C:\Users\123\Desktop\python>