Arduino：光立方的开发与实现

Arduino光立方开发环境与基础函数

原创于 2019-05-04 18:14:16 发布 · 4.9k 阅读

49 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

Arduino 专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文介绍了Arduino光立方的开发，编译环境为win10和arduino1.8.10，硬件涉及光立方组件等。还说明了开发基础，包括数字I/O、时间函数、串口函数等标准库基本函数，最后给出了光立方源码，其原理类似STM32流水灯。

编译环境：win10，arduino1.8.10
硬件支持：光立方组件，移位锁存器（20扩展）74HC595，arduino组件（主板）
打开arduino，点击工具栏选择开发板型号，本博文使用UNO R3，选择Arduino/Genuino Uno
在这里插入图片描述
开发基础（标准库基本函数）：（只列出部分需要用到的）
1.数字I/O 14个接口

void PinMode(unsigned char pin,unsigned char mode)

pin:要配置的引脚 mode:设置模式-INPUT/OUTPUT

void digitalWrite(unsigned char pin,unsigned char value)

pin:要配置的引脚 value:HIGH/LOW

int digitalRead(unsigned char pin)

pin:获取电压值的引脚返回值:获取引脚电压情况HIGH/LOW

2.时间函数

void delay(unsigned long ms)

一个延时函数 ms表示延时时长，单位ms

3.串口函数

void begin(unsigned long baud)

设置串口通信波特率

int available(void)

判断串口是否收到数据

4.模拟I/O 6个接口

void analogReference(type)

配置模拟引脚的参考电压
type:DEFAULT 默认值，参考电压为5V
INTERNAL 低电压模式
EXTERNAL 扩展模式

void analogWrite(unsigned char pin ,int value)

读取引脚的模拟量电压值

void analogRead(unsigned char pin)

通过PWM方式在引脚上输出一个模拟量
pin: A0~A5 value: 0~255

5.高级I/O

下面放光立方源码：（和STM32流水灯原理一样，用数组表示亮灯序列。4 * 4 * 4的光立方模块，效果还行）

#include <arduino.h>
const unsigned char imageTab[] PROGMEM = 
{
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0110, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0010, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0110, B0000, B0010, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0110, B0010, B0010, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0010, B0010, B0010, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0010, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B1000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B1000, B0110, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B1000, B1110, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B1000, B1000, B1110, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B1000, B1000, B1100, B0000, B1000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B1000, B1000, B1000, B0000, B1100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B1000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0100, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0110, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0001, B0000, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0001, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0011, B0001, B0001, B0011, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0001, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0001, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0110, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B1100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0000, B0100, B0100, B1100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0000, B0000, B0100, B1100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B1000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0001, B1000, B1000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B1001, B1000, B1000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B1101, B1000, B1000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B1111, B1000, B1000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, B1111, B1001, B1000, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B1111, B1001, B1000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B1111, B1001, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0000, B0011, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B1111, B0001, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0000, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1111, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1001, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B1000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B0000, B1000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0110, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B1000, B1000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B1000, B1000, B1000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B1000, B1000, B1100, 10 , 
  B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B1000, B1000, B1110, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B1100, B1000, B1000, B1111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B1100, B1000, B1000, B1111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0100, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B1100, B1000, B1000, B1111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0100, B0011, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B1000, B1000, B1000, B1111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0000, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B1000, B1000, B1111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0001, B0000, B1000, B1111, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0001, B0000, B0000, B1111, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0111, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0011, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0101, B0000, B0000, B0001, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0111, B0001, B0000, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0010, B0000, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0110, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0011, B0000, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0000, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0111, B0000, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0001, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0111, B0100, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0001, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0111, B0100, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0101, 10 , 
  B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0111, B0100, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0100, B0000, B0111, B0101, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0100, B0000, B0111, B0101, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0101, B0111, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0000, B0011, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0101, B0011, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0000, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0101, B0001, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0000, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0101, B0000, B0001, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  B0100, B0100, B0100, B0111, B0000, B0000, B0000, B0001, B0000, B0000, B0111, B0101, B0001, B0000, B0001, B0111, 10 , 
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
;

unsigned int HC595_Temp = 0;
unsigned int HC595_SCLK=8;  //SH_CP of 74HC595 
unsigned int HC595_LCLK=9;  //ST_CP of 74HC595 
unsigned int HC595_Data=3;  //DS of 74HC595 
unsigned int HC595_EN = 2;  
unsigned int LED_Pin16= 4;
unsigned int LED_Pin17= 5;
unsigned int LED_Pin18= 6;
unsigned int LED_Pin19= 7;
unsigned int LEDPin[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
unsigned int PlanePin[4] = {4, 5, 6, 7};


//该部分代码可以不用关心，它已经帮我们实现了功能
void LightCube_Init()  //光立方引脚初始化
{
    pinMode( HC595_LCLK, OUTPUT );
    pinMode( HC595_SCLK, OUTPUT );
    pinMode( HC595_Data, OUTPUT );
    pinMode( HC595_EN, OUTPUT );
    
    pinMode( LED_Pin16, OUTPUT );
    pinMode( LED_Pin17, OUTPUT );
    pinMode( LED_Pin18, OUTPUT );
    pinMode( LED_Pin19, OUTPUT );
    
    digitalWrite(LED_Pin16,LOW);
    digitalWrite(LED_Pin17,LOW);
    digitalWrite(LED_Pin18,LOW);
    digitalWrite(LED_Pin19,LOW);
}

void HC595_WriteData(void)  //74HC595写数据
{ 
//   digitalWrite(HC595_LCLK, LOW);    
//   digitalWrite(HC595_EN, HIGH); 
   shiftOut(HC595_Data, HC595_SCLK, LSBFIRST, HC595_Temp);  
   shiftOut(HC595_Data, HC595_SCLK, LSBFIRST, (HC595_Temp >> 8));
   digitalWrite(HC595_LCLK, LOW);    
   digitalWrite(HC595_LCLK, HIGH);
   digitalWrite(HC595_EN, LOW);  
 }

void LightCube_SelfCheckMode(void)  //自检模式
{
    unsigned char i = 0;
    unsigned char j = 0;
    //自检模式
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        digitalWrite( PlanePin[i], HIGH);
    }
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        digitalWrite( PlanePin[i], LOW);
        for(j = 0; j < 16; j++)
        {
            HC595_Temp = (1 << j);
            HC595_WriteData();
            delay(200);
        }
        digitalWrite( PlanePin[i], HIGH);
    }
    
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        digitalWrite( PlanePin[i], LOW);
    }
    for(j = 0; j < 16; j++)
    {
        HC595_Temp = (1 << j);
        HC595_WriteData();
        delay(200);
    }
    
    for(i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        HC595_Temp = 0xFFFF;
        HC595_WriteData();
        delay(500);
        HC595_Temp = 0x0000;
        HC595_WriteData();
        delay(500);
    }
}

 //value  LED位置      charge  LED状态
 void LEDStatus_GetData( int value,int charge)
 {
     if(value >= 16) return;
     if(charge != LOW && charge != HIGH) return;
     if(charge == LOW) 
     {
           switch (value)
           {
               case 0:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(15); break;
               case 1:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(14); break;
               case 2:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(13); break;
               case 3:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(12); break;
               case 4:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(11); break;
               case 5:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(10); break;
               case 6:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(9); break;
               case 7:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(8); break;
               case 8:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(7); break;
               case 9:  HC595_Temp &=~_BV(6); break;
               case 10: HC595_Temp &=~_BV(5); break;
               case 11: HC595_Temp &=~_BV(4); break;
               case 12: HC595_Temp &=~_BV(3); break;
               case 13: HC595_Temp &=~_BV(2); break;
               case 14: HC595_Temp &=~_BV(1); break;
               case 15: HC595_Temp &=~_BV(0); break; 
               default:
               break;  
           }
      }
      else
      {
           switch (value)
           {
               case 0:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(15); break;
               case 1:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(14); break;
               case 2:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(13); break;
               case 3:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(12); break;
               case 4:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(11); break;
               case 5:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(10); break;
               case 6:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(9); break;
               case 7:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(8); break;
               case 8:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(7); break;
               case 9:  HC595_Temp |=_BV(6); break;
               case 10: HC595_Temp |=_BV(5); break;
               case 11: HC595_Temp |=_BV(4); break;
               case 12: HC595_Temp |=_BV(3); break;
               case 13: HC595_Temp |=_BV(2); break;
               case 14: HC595_Temp |=_BV(1); break;
               case 15: HC595_Temp |=_BV(0); break;  
               default:
               break;    
           }   
      }
 }


#define ICStation_delay_MAX 10000  // 特效时间设置

#define CUBESIZE 4
#define PLANESIZE CUBESIZE*CUBESIZE
#define PLANETIME 2222 
#define TIMECONST 20
unsigned int ICStation_delay =ICStation_delay_MAX;
unsigned int PatternIdx =0;
unsigned int PatternMax = sizeof(imageTab);

void LightCube_FreeMode(void) //自由模式
{ 
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    byte PatternBuf[16]; 
    int PatternIdx;
    byte DisplayTime; 
    unsigned long EndTime;
    int plane; 
    int patbufidx; 
    unsigned char ShiftTemp = 0;
    PatternIdx = 0;
    do 
    {
        memcpy_P( PatternBuf, imageTab+PatternIdx, 16 );  //拷贝第一帧数据
        PatternIdx += PLANESIZE;  //索引偏移16
        DisplayTime = pgm_read_byte_near( imageTab + PatternIdx++ );  //读取延时时间
        EndTime = millis() + ((unsigned long) DisplayTime) * TIMECONST;
        while ( millis() < EndTime )   //对一帧数据进行处理
        {
            patbufidx = 0; 
            for (plane=0; plane < 4; plane++) 
            {
                for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)  //四层共阴极全部给1
                {
                    digitalWrite( PlanePin[i], HIGH );
                }
           
                for(j = 0; j < 16; j++)
                {
                    LEDStatus_GetData(LEDPin[j], LOW);
                }
                HC595_WriteData();
                
                for(j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                {
                    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                    {
                         if((PatternBuf[patbufidx] >> i) & B0001)
                         {
                             LEDStatus_GetData(LEDPin[4 * (j % 4) + i], HIGH);
                         }
                    }
                    patbufidx++;
                }
                HC595_WriteData();
                digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane], LOW );
                delayMicroseconds( PLANETIME );
            } 
        }
    } while (DisplayTime > 0);  
}

int AnalogVal = 0;
int AnalogMapVal = 0;
int ShiftVal = 0;
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  pinMode(0, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(0, HIGH);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  analogReference(DEFAULT);  //选择默认5V作为参考电压
  LightCube_Init();
}

void loop() {
    LightCube_FreeMode();
}