Java笔记-基础-serialVersionUID

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-25 17:30:10 发布

老王海明威

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-25 17:30:10 发布

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Java中，serialVersionUID字段用于序列化和反序列化过程中校验类的兼容性。当发送和接收对象的类加载的serialVersionUID不匹配时，会抛出InvalidClassException。若类未显式声明此字段，编译器会基于类的详细信息计算默认值，但这可能导致不一致的问题。因此，建议所有序列化类都明确声明并使用private修饰的serialVersionUID。

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serialVersionUID

在很多的类中有serialVersionUID这个字段，这个字段有什么用？

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 8935197089745865786L;

答案就在java.io.Serializable类的注释里。

The serialization runtime associates with each serializable class a version number, called a serialVersionUID, which is used during deserialization to verify that the sender and receiver of a serialized object have loaded classes for that object that are compatible with respect to serialization. If the receiver has loaded a class for the object that has a different serialVersionUID than that of the corresponding sender’s class, then deserialization will result in an InvalidClassException. A serializable class can declare its own serialVersionUID explicitly by declaring a field named serialVersionUID that must be static, final, and of type long:
ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER static final long serialVersionUID = 42L;

If a serializable class does not explicitly declare a serialVersionUID, then the serialization runtime will calculate a default serialVersionUID value for that class based on various aspects of the class, as described in the Java™ Object Serialization Specification. However, it is strongly recommended that all serializable classes explicitly declare serialVersionUID values, since the default serialVersionUID computation is highly sensitive to class details that may vary depending on compiler implementations, and can thus result in unexpected InvalidClassExceptions during deserialization. Therefore, to guarantee a consistent serialVersionUID value across different java compiler implementations, a serializable class must declare an explicit serialVersionUID value. It is also strongly advised that explicit serialVersionUID declarations use the private modifier where possible, since such declarations apply only to the immediately declaring class — serialVersionUID fields are not useful as inherited members.