本文详细介绍了如何配置163.com与sina.com的邮件服务器，包括IP配置、DNS设置、主机名修改、Sendmail配置及服务重启等步骤，并通过测试验证了通信效果，最后通过配置反向DNS解析提高了通信速度。
二、 sina.com 配置：
把 163.com 主机配置，克隆一份，进行相应修改即可！
注意：克隆前必须把电源关掉
如果 sendmail 启动比较慢，可以在 1 级别进行修改！（ 出现红色界面：按 b e 末尾输入 1 ）
1. 手动配置 ip
[root@mail ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=00:0c:29:5b:98:33
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.10.9
TYPE=Ethernet
2. 修改 dns 配置
[root@mail etc]# vim named.conf //5 个 any
[root@mail etc]# vim named.rfc1912.zones
[root@mail named]# pwd
/var/named/chroot/var/named
[root@mail named]# cp -p 163.com.zone sina.com.zone
[root@mail named]# vim sina.com.zone
dns指向
[root@mail ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search domain.org
nameserver 192.168.10.9
3. 修改主机名
[root@mail ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
HOSTNAME=mail.sina.com
[root@mail ~]# hostname
mail.163.com //发现名字并没有改变过来
需要重启，如果不想重启，只需重命名后，重新登录即可！
[root@mail ~]# hostname mail.sina.com //重命名
4. 修改 sendmail 配置
[root@mail mail]# vim sendmail.mc
116 行，任意地址都可以 telnet 上该主机的 25 端口
[root@mail mail]# vim access
sendmail 服务重启
[root@mail ~]# service sendmail status
sendmail is stopped
[root@mail ~]# service sendmail restart
Shutting down sendmail: [FAILED]
Starting sendmail: [ OK ]
Starting sm-client: [ OK ]
5.查看接收服务器端口：
[root@mail ~]# netstat -tupln |grep dovecot
tcp 0 0 :::993 :::* LISTEN 3166/dovecot
tcp 0 0 :::995 :::* LISTEN 3166/dovecot
tcp 0 0 :::110 :::* LISTEN 3166/dovecot
tcp 0 0 :::143 :::* LISTEN 3166/dovecot
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
6. 查看账号：
[root@mail ~]# tail /etc/passwd
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:100:103:avahi-autoipd:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
sabayon:x:86:86:Sabayon user:/home/sabayon:/sbin/nologin
named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin
user1:x:500:500::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:501:501::/home/user2:/bin/bash
dovecot:x:97:97:dovecot:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
彻底删除这两个帐号！
[root@mail ~]# userdel -r user1
[root@mail ~]# userdel -r user2
创建新账号：
[root@mail ~]# useradd user3
[root@mail ~]# passwd 设置密码
Changing password for user root.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@mail ~]# useradd user4
[root@mail ~]# passwd
Changing password for user root.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
7. 所有服务重启
重启sendmail named dovecot服务器
8. 查看 dns 解析
dig –t mx sina.com
9. 测试：
9.1windows 下 telnet 上写信
windows 下收信 :
查看后退出时输入 X 信件还保留在邮箱中，输入 q 时，信件保留在家目录下的 mbox 里！
9.2 windows 下使用客户端软件测试收发情况：
创建了两个账号： user3 、 user4
点击“发送”
：
三、163.com 与sina.com如何通信？
[root@mail ~]# hostname
mail.163.com
[root@mail ~]# dig -t mx sina.com
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5 <<>> -t mx sina.com
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 57589
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;sina.com. IN MX
;; Query time: 28 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.10.99#53(192.168.10.99)
;; WHEN: Sat Aug
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 26
sina.com 找不到！
由于是内部邮件服务器，不是 internet 网上的，所以，只能转发：
163.com 和 sina.com 都这样做
[root@mail ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
[root@mail ~]# rndc reload
server reload successful
在163.com 下解析sina.com
[root@mail ~]# hostname
mail.163.com
[root@mail ~]# dig -t mx sina.com
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5 <<>> -t mx sina.com
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 54345
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;sina.com. IN MX
;; ANSWER SECTION:
sina.com. 86388 IN MX 10 mail.sina.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
sina.com. 86388 IN NS ns.sina.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
mail.sina.com. 86388 IN A 192.168.10.9
ns.sina.com. 86388 IN A 192.168.10.9
;; Query time: 10 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.10.99#53(192.168.10.99)
;; WHEN: Sat Aug 4 12:11:58 2012
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 96
发信件，测试：
163.com 启动 sendmail 服务！
[root@mail ~]# service sendmail status
sendmail is stopped
[root@mail ~]# service sendmail start
Starting sendmail: [ OK ]
Starting sm-client: [ OK ]
[root@mail ~]# netstat -tupln |grep 25
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:*
[root@mail ~]# tail -f /var/log/maillog // 监控日志
Aug 4 12:41:12 mail sendmail[3833]: q744fCNB003833: from=<user1@163.com>, size=1193, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<598984A216F64770B9602B1F6073BCA7@PC201203120919>, proto=SMTP, daemon=MTA, relay=[192.168.10.1]
Aug 4 12:41:52 mail sendmail[3837]: q744fCNB003833: to=<user4@sina.com>, ctladdr=<user1@163.com> (500/500), delay=00:00:40, xdelay=00:00:40, mailer=esmtp, pri=121193, relay=mail.sina.com. [192.168.10.9], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (q744fTsd006212 Message accepted for delivery)
双方已能够正常通信，只是速度太慢
四、 163.com 与 sina.com 通信速度如何加快？
如果163.com 向 sina.com发送信件，sina要对163域名信息进行核实，所以，先正向解析，再反向解析，由于缺少反向解析，所以影响通信质量！
解决：配置反向 DNS 解析
修改 163.com 的区域文件：
[root@mail ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
[root@mail etc]# vim named.rfc1912.zones 增加下面代码
[root@mail named]# cp -p named.local 192.168.10.zone
[root@mail named]# vim 192.168.10.zone
[root@mail named]# rndc reload
server reload successful
[root@mail named]# dig -x 192.168.10.99
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5 <<>> -x 192.168.10.99
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 23352
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;99.10.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
99.10.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR mail.163.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
10.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS localhost.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
localhost. 86400 IN A 127.0.0.1
localhost. 86400 IN AAAA ::1
修改sina.com的区域文件：
[root@mail ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
[root@mail etc]# vim named.rfc1912.zones
[root@mail etc]# cd ../var/named/
[root@mail named]# cp -p named.local 192.168.10.local
[root@mail named]# vim 192.168.10.local
rndc reload // 不用启动，只需加载更新项
[root@mail named]# dig -t mx 163.com // 正向解析
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5 <<>> -t mx 163.com
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14211
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;163.com. IN MX
;; ANSWER SECTION:
163.com. 81604 IN MX 10 mail.163.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
163.com. 81523 IN NS ns.163.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
mail.163.com. 81523 IN A 192.168.10.99
ns.163.com. 81523 IN A 192.168.10.99
;; Query time: 5 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.10.9#53(192.168.10.9)
;; WHEN: Sat Aug
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 95
[root@mail named]# dig -x 192.168.10.9 // 反向解析
; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5 <<>> -x 192.168.10.9
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62534
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;9.10.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
9.10.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR mail.sina.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
10.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS localhost.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
localhost. 86400 IN A 127.0.0.1
localhost. 86400 IN AAAA ::1
;; Query time: 5 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.10.9#53(192.168.10.9)
;; WHEN: Sat Aug
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 137
现在反向解析已存在，检测发送 ------ 接收信件之间是否加快！
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/liufan0321/1061249
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