本文提供了一份详细的CentOS 6.8环境下安装MySQL的指南。包括卸载旧版MySQL、安装MySQL社区版、配置开机启动及设置远程root用户等关键步骤。
本文档主要介绍了如何在CentOS6.8上安装MySQL。详细步骤如下：
一、检查系统是否安装其他版本的MYSQL数据，并删除。
#yum list installed | grep mysql
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 @base
#yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-8.el6 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: cronie = 1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 for package: cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.x86_64
---> Package redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.0-7.el6.centos will be erased
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: sysstat-9.0.4-33.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Running transaction check
---> Package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be erased
---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-33.el6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
mysql-libs x86_64 5.1.73-8.el6_8 @base 4.0 M
Removing for dependencies:
cronie x86_64 1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 @base 174 k
cronie-anacron x86_64 1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 @base 43 k
crontabs noarch 1.10-33.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201605220104.x86_64/6.8 2.4 k
postfix x86_64 2:2.6.6-8.el6 @base 9.7 M
redhat-lsb-core x86_64 4.0-7.el6.centos @base 22 k
sysstat x86_64 9.0.4-33.el6 @base 826 k
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Remove 7 Package(s)
Installed size: 15 M
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.x86_64 1/7
/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.JQYEIW: line 1: lsb_release: command not found
Erasing : sysstat-9.0.4-33.el6.x86_64 2/7
Erasing : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.x86_64 3/7
Erasing : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.x86_64 4/7
Erasing : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 5/7
Erasing : 2:postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64 6/7
Erasing : mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 7/7
Verifying : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.x86_64 1/7
Verifying : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.x86_64 2/7
Verifying : 2:postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64 3/7
Verifying : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.x86_64 4/7
Verifying : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 5/7
Verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-33.el6.x86_64 6/7
Verifying : mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 7/7
Removed:
mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8
Dependency Removed:
cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-8.el6 redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.0-7.el6.centos sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-33.el6
Complete!
二、安装及配置
# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
--2017-11-04 14:57:59-- http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com... 23.211.97.88
Connecting to repo.mysql.com|23.211.97.88|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 5824 (5.7K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: “mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm”
100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 5,824 --.-K/s in 0s
2017-11-04 14:57:59 (412 MB/s) - “mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm” saved [5824/5824]
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:mysql-community-release########################################### [100%]
# yum repolist all | grep mysql
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 42
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - S disabled
mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community enabled: 51
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source disabled
mysql55-community MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - S disabled
mysql56-community MySQL 5.6 Community Server enabled: 396
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - S disabled
mysql57-community-dmr MySQL 5.7 Community Server Dev disabled
mysql57-community-dmr-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server Dev disabled
安装MYSQL数据库
# yum install mysql-community-server -y
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# yum install mysql-community-server -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.38-2.el6 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.38-2.el6 mysql56-community 55 M
Installing for dependencies:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.38-2.el6 mysql56-community 18 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.38-2.el6 mysql56-community 308 k
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.38-2.el6 mysql56-community 1.9 M
perl-DBI x86_64 1.609-4.el6 base 705 k
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 5 Package(s)
Total download size: 76 M
Installed size: 338 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): mysql-community-client-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 18 MB 00:02
(2/5): mysql-community-common-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 308 kB 00:00
(3/5): mysql-community-libs-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.9 MB 00:00
(4/5): mysql-community-server-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 55 MB 00:05
(5/5): perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 705 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 8.9 MB/s | 76 MB 00:08
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
Userid : MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>
Package: mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch (installed)
From : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 1/5
Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 2/5
Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 3/5
Installing : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64 4/5
Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 2/5
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.38-2.el6.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.38-2.el6 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6
Complete!
设置为开机启动(2、3、4都是on代表开机自动启动)
# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
三、设置远程root
启动mysql
# service mysqld start
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: 2017-11-04 15:00:04 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-11-04 15:00:04 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2017-11-04 15:00:04 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.38) starting as process 2021 ...
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2017-11-04 15:00:04 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2017-11-04 15:00:05 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2017-11-04 15:00:06 2021 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.38 started; log sequence number 0
2017-11-04 15:00:07 2021 [Note] Binlog end
2017-11-04 15:00:07 2021 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2017-11-04 15:00:07 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2021 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977
2017-11-04 15:00:08 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-11-04 15:00:08 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
2017-11-04 15:00:08 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.38) starting as process 2043 ...
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.38 started; log sequence number 1625977
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] Binlog end
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2017-11-04 15:00:08 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2017-11-04 15:00:10 2043 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
Note: new default config file not created.
Please make sure your config file is current
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
[ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
设置root密码
# mysql_secure_installation
安装完mysql-server 会提示可以运行mysql_secure_installation。运行mysql_secure_installation会执行几个设置：
a)为root用户设置密码
b)删除匿名账号
c)取消root用户远程登录
d)删除test库和对test库的访问权限
e)刷新授权表使修改生效
通过这几项的设置能够提高mysql库的安全。建议生产环境中mysql安装这完成后一定要运行一次mysql_secure_installation，详细步骤请参看下面的命令:
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): ##<–初次运行直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y ##<– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: ##<– 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: ##<– 再输入一次你设置的密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ##<– 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n ##<–是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止
... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n ##<– 是否删除test数据库,直接回车
... skipping.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] ##<– 是否重新加载权限表，直接回车
... Success!
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
Cleaning up...
登陆root账号
# mysql -uroot -p
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ##输入上一步设定的密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 23
Server version: 5.6.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
建立远程root用户
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你设置的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Lv216816' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)通过以上步骤就完成了在CentOS上安装Mysql，本人是使用阿里云的服务器上安装的，如果还想通过外部访问，还必须在阿里云上开通3306的端口才可以。如果是自己设备必须在防火墙上配置上3306端口的访问才可以。
四、Mysql 启动关闭
启动：# service mysqld start
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
关闭：# service mysqld stop
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# service mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
查看进程：ps -ef | grep mysqld
如果有mysqld_safe和mysqld两个进程，说明MySQL服务当前在启动状态；
[root@iZwz9hy7gff0kp0rba9p6vZ ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root 2604 1 0 22:45 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql 2808 2604 0 22:45 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 2839 1846 0 22:50 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysqld
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