[C++/Python] 如何在C++中使用一个Python类? (Use Python-defined class in C++)

本文详细介绍了如何将深度学习中的分类器从Python转换到C++,包括导入Python模块、使用模块中的方法和类,以及C++环境配置等步骤。通过逐步讲解和示例代码,旨在提高算法实现的效率。

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最近在做基于OpenCV的车牌识别, 其中需要用到深度学习的一些代码(Python), 所以一开始的时候开发语言选择了Python(祸患之源).

固然现在Python的速度不算太慢, 但你一定要用Python来操作图像, 实现某些算法的时候, 效率就变得非常重要. 可惜的是, Python在大多数算法实现中, 由于其循环操作实在是太慢, 导致实现的算法效率非常之低.

所以现在我要把深度学习中的一个类(分类器)转换到C++中, 在这个过程之前, 需要做一些test projects, 我主要参照的文章是: C++调用Python(3).

开发环境为 VS2012, WIN7 64.

所有代码都在最后放出, 这里先逐步讲解.

首先我们需要导入合适的头文件: Python.h, 它位于你的Python安装目录的include目录下. (2.6, 2.7版本实测通过)

使用VS的话, 可以按如下方法设置一下项目属性:

  1. 调试 -> xxx属性(最后一栏) -> VC++目录 -> 右侧库目录
  2. 增加C:\Python27\libs, 具体路径个人可能不同.

这样就完成了最基本的配置, 下面我们开始导入.py文件并使用它.

我们使用的.py文件非常简单, 代码如下:

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 # Filename: testpy.py
 3 class Person:
 4     def sayHi(self):
 5         print 'hi'
 6 class Second:
 7     def invoke(self,obj):
 8          obj.sayHi()
 9 def sayhi(name):
10     print 'hi',name;

注: 下述所有导入方法在导入失败时不会报错, 只会返回空指针.

第一步是导入.py文件:

  1. 使用PyObject* pModule来存储导入的.py文件模块, 调用的方法是PyImport_ImportModule(path):  PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("testpy"); 
  2. 使用PyObject* pDict来存储导入模块中的方法字典, 调用的方法是PyModule_GetDict(module):  PyObject* pDict = PyModule_GetDict(pModule); 

这样就完成了.py文件的导入.

第二步是导入已导入模块中的方法或类:

  1. 获取方法, 调用的方法是PyDict_GetItemString(dict, methodName): PyObject* pFunHi = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "sayhi"); 
  2. 获取类, 调用的方法同上, 注意红体部分的字符串对应于.py文件中的类/方法名:  PyObject* pClassSecond = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Second"); 

第三步是使用导入的方法或类:

  1. 使用方法, 调用PyObject_CallFunction(pFunc, "s", args)即可:  PyObject_CallFunction(pFunHi, "s", "lhb"); 
  2. 使用类构造对象, 调用PyInstance_New(pClass, NULL, NULL)即可:  PyObject* pInstanceSecond = PyInstance_New(pClassSecond, NULL, NULL); , 注意其中的pClassSecond为第二步.2中获取的类指针
  3. 使用类对象的方法, 调用PyObject_CallMethod(pInstance, methodname, "O", args)即可:  PyObject_CallMethod(pInstanceSecond, "invoke", "O", pInstancePerson); 
  4. 上述调用中的"s"和"O"代表的是参数列表的类型, 我们可以在 Py_BuildValue 找到所有的类型, 本文最后也附了此表.

最后不要忘记销毁这些对象:  Py_DECREF(pointer); 

下面是C++的实现代码, 代码来自于我参考的博客, 略有修改.

 

 1 /*
 2  * test.cpp
 3  *  Created on: 2010-8-12
 4  *      Author: lihaibo
 5  */
 6 #include <C:/Python27/include/Python.h>
 7 #include <iostream>
 8 #include <string>
 9 
10 int main(void) {
11     Py_Initialize(); // 启动虚拟机
12     if (!Py_IsInitialized())
13         return -1;
14     // 导入模块
15     PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("testpy");
16     if (!pModule) {
17         printf("Cant open python file!/n");
18         return -1;
19     }
20     // 模块的字典列表
21     PyObject* pDict = PyModule_GetDict(pModule);
22     if (!pDict) {
23         printf("Cant find dictionary./n");
24         return -1;
25     }
26     // 演示函数调用
27     PyObject* pFunHi = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "sayhi");
28     PyObject_CallFunction(pFunHi, "s", "lhb");
29     Py_DECREF(pFunHi);
30     // 演示构造一个Python对象,并调用Class的方法
31     // 获取Second类
32     PyObject* pClassSecond = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Second");
33     if (!pClassSecond) {
34         printf("Cant find second class./n");
35         return -1;
36     }
37     //获取Person类
38     PyObject* pClassPerson = PyDict_GetItemString(pDict, "Person");
39     if (!pClassPerson) {
40         printf("Cant find person class./n");
41         return -1;
42     }
43     //构造Second的实例
44     PyObject* pInstanceSecond = PyInstance_New(pClassSecond, NULL, NULL);
45     if (!pInstanceSecond) {
46         printf("Cant create second instance./n");
47         return -1;
48     }
49     //构造Person的实例
50     PyObject* pInstancePerson = PyInstance_New(pClassPerson, NULL, NULL);
51     if (!pInstancePerson) {
52         printf("Cant find person instance./n");
53         return -1;
54     }
55     //把person实例传入second的invoke方法
56     PyObject_CallMethod(pInstanceSecond, "invoke", "O", pInstancePerson);
57     //释放
58     Py_DECREF(pInstanceSecond);
59     Py_DECREF(pInstancePerson);
60     Py_DECREF(pClassSecond);
61     Py_DECREF(pClassPerson);
62     Py_DECREF(pModule);
63     Py_Finalize(); // 关闭虚拟机
64     return 0;
65 }

 类型参照:

s (string) [char *]
Convert a null-terminated C string to a Python object. If the C string pointer is NULLNone is used.
s# (string) [char *, int]
Convert a C string and its length to a Python object. If the C string pointer is NULL, the length is ignored and None is returned.
z (string or None) [char *]
Same as s.
z# (string or None) [char *, int]
Same as s#.
u (Unicode string) [Py_UNICODE *]
Convert a null-terminated buffer of Unicode (UCS-2 or UCS-4) data to a Python Unicode object. If the Unicode buffer pointer is NULLNoneis returned.
u# (Unicode string) [Py_UNICODE *, int]
Convert a Unicode (UCS-2 or UCS-4) data buffer and its length to a Python Unicode object. If the Unicode buffer pointer is NULL, the length is ignored and None is returned.
i (integer) [int]
Convert a plain C int to a Python integer object.
b (integer) [char]
Convert a plain C char to a Python integer object.
h (integer) [short int]
Convert a plain C short int to a Python integer object.
l (integer) [long int]
Convert a C long int to a Python integer object.
B (integer) [unsigned char]
Convert a C unsigned char to a Python integer object.
H (integer) [unsigned short int]
Convert a C unsigned short int to a Python integer object.
I (integer/long) [unsigned int]
Convert a C unsigned int to a Python integer object or a Python long integer object, if it is larger than sys.maxint.
k (integer/long) [unsigned long]
Convert a C unsigned long to a Python integer object or a Python long integer object, if it is larger than sys.maxint.
L (long) [PY_LONG_LONG]
Convert a C long long to a Python long integer object. Only available on platforms that support long long.
K (long) [unsigned PY_LONG_LONG]
Convert a C unsigned long long to a Python long integer object. Only available on platforms that support unsigned long long.
n (int) [Py_ssize_t]

Convert a C Py_ssize_t to a Python integer or long integer.

New in version 2.5.

c (string of length 1) [char]
Convert a C int representing a character to a Python string of length 1.
d (float) [double]
Convert a C double to a Python floating point number.
f (float) [float]
Same as d.
D (complex) [Py_complex *]
Convert a C Py_complex structure to a Python complex number.
O (object) [PyObject *]
Pass a Python object untouched (except for its reference count, which is incremented by one). If the object passed in is a NULL pointer, it is assumed that this was caused because the call producing the argument found an error and set an exception. Therefore, Py_BuildValue()will return NULL but won’t raise an exception. If no exception has been raised yet, SystemError is set.
S (object) [PyObject *]
Same as O.
N (object) [PyObject *]
Same as O, except it doesn’t increment the reference count on the object. Useful when the object is created by a call to an object constructor in the argument list.
O& (object) [converteranything]
Convert anything to a Python object through a converter function. The function is called with anything (which should be compatible withvoid *) as its argument and should return a “new” Python object, or NULL if an error occurred.
(items) (tuple) [matching-items]
Convert a sequence of C values to a Python tuple with the same number of items.
[items] (list) [matching-items]
Convert a sequence of C values to a Python list with the same number of items.
{items} (dictionary) [matching-items]
Convert a sequence of C values to a Python dictionary. Each pair of consecutive C values adds one item to the dictionary, serving as key and value, respectively.

If there is an error in the format string, the SystemError exception is set and NULL returned.

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lancelod/p/4036922.html

(Spatial-Mamba) ctuav_shixi@ecm-1b26:~/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d$ python3 setup.py install --userrunning install /home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py:90: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. !! ******************************************************************************** Please avoid running ``setup.py`` directly. Instead, use pypa/build, pypa/installer or other standards-based tools. See https://blog.ganssle.io/articles/2021/10/setup-py-deprecated.html for details. ******************************************************************************** !! self.initialize_options() /home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py:90: EasyInstallDeprecationWarning: easy_install command is deprecated. !! ******************************************************************************** Please avoid running ``setup.py`` and ``easy_install``. Instead, use pypa/build, pypa/installer or other standards-based tools. See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/917 for details. ******************************************************************************** !! self.initialize_options() running bdist_egg running egg_info writing dwconv2d.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing dependency_links to dwconv2d.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing top-level names to dwconv2d.egg-info/top_level.txt reading manifest file 'dwconv2d.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' writing manifest file 'dwconv2d.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg running install_lib running build_py copying Dwconv/dwconv_layer.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/Dwconv running build_ext /home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py:424: UserWarning: There are no g++ version bounds defined for CUDA version 12.1 warnings.warn(f'There are no {compiler_name} version bounds defined for CUDA version {cuda_str_version}') building 'dwconv2d' extension Emitting ninja build file /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/build.ninja... Compiling objects... Allowing ninja to set a default number of workers... (overridable by setting the environment variable MAX_JOBS=N) [1/1] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/TH -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/THC -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/include/python3.10 -c -c /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/depthwise_fwd/launch.cu -o /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/depthwise_fwd/launch.o -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr --compiler-options ''"'"'-fPIC'"'"'' -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H '-DPYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE="_gcc"' '-DPYBIND11_STDLIB="_libstdcpp"' '-DPYBIND11_BUILD_ABI="_cxxabi1011"' -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=dwconv2d -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 -gencode=arch=compute_80,code=compute_80 -gencode=arch=compute_80,code=sm_80 -std=c++17 FAILED: /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/depthwise_fwd/launch.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/TH -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/THC -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/include/python3.10 -c -c /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/depthwise_fwd/launch.cu -o /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/depthwise_fwd/launch.o -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr --compiler-options ''"'"'-fPIC'"'"'' -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H '-DPYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE="_gcc"' '-DPYBIND11_STDLIB="_libstdcpp"' '-DPYBIND11_BUILD_ABI="_cxxabi1011"' -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=dwconv2d -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 -gencode=arch=compute_80,code=compute_80 -gencode=arch=compute_80,code=sm_80 -std=c++17 /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/depthwise_fwd/launch.cu(29): error: namespace "at" has no member "NoGradGuard" at::NoGradGuard no_grad; ^ /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/depthwise_fwd/launch.cu(63): error: namespace "at" has no member "NoGradGuard" at::NoGradGuard no_grad; ^ /home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/depthwise_fwd/launch.cu(69): error: namespace "at" has no member "NoGradGuard" at::NoGradGuard no_grad; ^ 3 errors detected in the compilation of "/home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/depthwise_fwd/launch.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2100, in _run_ninja_build subprocess.run( File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 526, in run raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args, subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['ninja', '-v']' returned non-zero exit status 1. The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ctuav_shixi/Spatial-Mamba-main/kernels/dwconv2d/setup.py", line 5, in <module> setup( File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 117, in setup return distutils.core.setup(**attrs) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 186, in setup return run_commands(dist) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 202, in run_commands dist.run_commands() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1002, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1104, in run_command super().run_command(command) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py", line 109, in run self.do_egg_install() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py", line 167, in do_egg_install self.run_command('bdist_egg') File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 357, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1104, in run_command super().run_command(command) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 177, in run cmd = self.call_command('install_lib', warn_dir=False) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 163, in call_command self.run_command(cmdname) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 357, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1104, in run_command super().run_command(command) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/install_lib.py", line 19, in run self.build() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/install_lib.py", line 113, in build self.run_command('build_ext') File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 357, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1104, in run_command super().run_command(command) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py", line 99, in run _build_ext.run(self) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 368, in run self.build_extensions() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 873, in build_extensions build_ext.build_extensions(self) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 484, in build_extensions self._build_extensions_serial() File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 510, in _build_extensions_serial self.build_extension(ext) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py", line 264, in build_extension _build_ext.build_extension(self, ext) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/Cython/Distutils/build_ext.py", line 136, in build_extension super().build_extension(ext) File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 565, in build_extension objects = self.compiler.compile( File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 686, in unix_wrap_ninja_compile _write_ninja_file_and_compile_objects( File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 1774, in _write_ninja_file_and_compile_objects _run_ninja_build( File "/home/ctuav_shixi/anaconda3/envs/Spatial-Mamba/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 2116, in _run_ninja_build raise RuntimeError(message) from e RuntimeError: Error compiling objects for extension 代码运行后报错应该怎么办
最新发布
05-14
<think>好的,用户遇到了PyTorch编译扩展时出现的错误:'namespace "at" has no member "NoGradGuard"'。我需要先分析这个错误的原因。首先,NoGradGuard是PyTorch中的一个,用于禁用梯度计算。通常在C++扩展中,会使用at::NoGradGuard来确保在特定代码块中不会计算梯度。 这个错误提示说明编译器在命名空间at中找不到NoGradGuard成员。可能的原因有几个:一是PyTorch版本问题,比如用户使用的版本中NoGradGuard的命名空间或名称发生了变化;二是头文件包含不正确,可能没有包含必要的头文件;三是编译环境配置有误,比如链接的库版本不对。 根据之前的引用[1]和[2],用户可能之前遇到了CUDA版本或C++标准库的问题,但这次的问题更具体到PyTorch的API变化。我需要回忆PyTorch的版本更新历史,尤其是与C++ API相关的变更。例如,在PyTorch 1.9或更高版本中,某些可能从at命名空间移动到了torch命名空间,或者被重命名了。 接下来,我应该检查用户可能的PyTorch版本。如果用户使用的是较新的版本(如1.9+),可能需要将at::NoGradGuard改为c10::InferenceMode或torch::NoGradGuard。另外,用户可能需要包含正确的头文件,比如#include <ATen/core/grad_mode.h>,该头文件定义了NoGradGuard。 还需要考虑编译时的C++标准。PyTorch的C++扩展可能需要特定的C++标准,比如C++14或更高,如果用户的编译参数没有指定正确的标准,也可能导致找不到符号的错误。 另外,用户可能在编写扩展时没有正确使用TORCH_MODULE或PYBIND11_MODULE宏,导致符号链接问题。或者,可能是用户的环境中存在多个PyTorch版本,导致头文件和库文件不匹配。 最后,需要建议用户检查PyTorch的官方文档或GitHub issues,查看是否有似的问题和解决方案。例如,PyTorch的GitHub仓库中可能有关于API变更的讨论,或者用户需要更新他们的代码以适应新版本的API。</think>解决PyTorch编译扩展时出现`namespace "at" has no member "NoGradGuard"`错误的方法如下: ### 1. 检查PyTorch版本兼容性 **根本原因**: `at::NoGradGuard`在PyTorch 1.9+版本中被弃用,替换为`torch::NoGradGuard`或`c10::InferenceMode`[^1]。若代码基于旧版本PyTorch编写,在新版本中会触发此错误。 **验证方式**: ```python import torch print(torch.__version__) # 确认版本是否≥1.9 ``` ### 2. 修改代码语法 **若使用PyTorch ≥1.9**: - 将`at::NoGradGuard`替换为`torch::NoGradGuard`: ```cpp // 旧语法 at::NoGradGuard guard; // 新语法 torch::NoGradGuard guard; ``` -使用`c10::InferenceMode`(推荐用于性能优化): ```cpp c10::InferenceMode guard(true); // 启用推理模式 ``` ### 3. 包含必要头文件 确保代码头部添加: ```cpp #include <torch/extension.h> // 基础扩展头文件 #include <ATen/core/grad_mode.h> // 梯度模式控制头文件 ``` ### 4. 检查编译环境配置 在`setup.py`中需指定C++14标准: ```python from setuptools import setup, Extension from torch.utils import cpp_extension setup( ext_modules=[cpp_extension.CppExtension( 'your_extension', ['your_extension.cpp'], extra_compile_args=['-std=c++14'] # 强制使用C++14 )], cmdclass={'build_ext': cpp_extension.BuildExtension} ) ``` ### 5. 验证CUDA与PyTorch版本匹配 通过官方文档确认CUDA版本与PyTorch预编译版本的对应关系: ```bash conda list | grep -E "torch|cudatoolkit" # 检查环境一致性 ```
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