Spring Boot RESTful API（上篇）- MockMvc 单元测试

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-10 18:00:18 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-09-10 18:00:18 发布

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文章标签：测试 java python

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/codingcloud/blog/1588662

本文介绍如何使用SpringBoot构建RESTful API，并通过示例演示了如何进行单元测试。主要内容包括：项目搭建、实体类定义、控制器编写及测试案例实现。

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构建微服务 SpringBoot RESTful API 与单元测试

1、构建一个SpringBoot项目，引入依赖jar配置 pom.xml

<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

2、创建一个User.java实体

public class User {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    // get set 省略
}

3、编写UserController.java

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * Created by nasheng.yun on 2017/12/12.
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "user")
public class UserController {

    // 创建线程安全的map
    static Map<String,User> users = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    /**
     * 查询用户列表
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "list")
    public List<User> list(){
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(users.values());

        System.out.println("UserController.list");
        return userList;
    }

    /**
     * 添加用户
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("post")
    public String post(@ModelAttribute User user){
        users.put(user.getId(),user);

        System.out.println("UserController.post");
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 更新用户
     * @param id
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    @PutMapping("put/{id}")
    public String put(@PathVariable String id,@ModelAttribute User user){
        User u = users.get(id);
        u.setName(user.getName());
        u.setAge(user.getAge());
        users.put(id,u);
        System.out.println("UserController.put");
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 查询用户详情
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "detail/{id}")
    public User detail(@PathVariable String id){
        System.out.println("UserController.detail");
        return users.get(id);
    }

    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @DeleteMapping(value = "del/{id}")
    public String delete(@PathVariable String id){
        users.remove(id);
        System.out.println("UserController.delete");
        return "success";
    }

}

4、编写测试类UserControllerTest.java


import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

/**
 * Created by nasheng.yun on 2017/12/12.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp(){
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testUserController() throws Exception {
        // 1.查询列表
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/list"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());// 判断响应状态是否成功

        // 2.添加
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/post")
                                            .param("id","3")
                                            .param("name","nasheng.yun")
                                            .param("age","18"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

        // 3.更新
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/user/put/3")
                                            .param("name","NASHENG.YUN")
                                            .param("age","20"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

        // 3.详情
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/detail/1"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

        // 4.删除
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/user/del/1"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

        // 5.查询列表
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/list"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());// 打印结果
    }

}

5、运行结果：

2017-12-13 09:23:21.585  INFO 25140 --- [           main] o.s.mock.web.MockServletContext          : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''
2017-12-13 09:23:21.585  INFO 25140 --- [           main] o.s.t.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet  : FrameworkServlet '': initialization started
2017-12-13 09:23:21.586  INFO 25140 --- [           main] o.s.t.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet  : FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 0 ms
UserController.list
UserController.post
UserController.put
UserController.detail
UserController.delete
UserController.list

MockHttpServletRequest:
      HTTP Method = GET
      Request URI = /user/list
       Parameters = {}
          Headers = {}

Handler:
             Type = com.example.demo.UserController
           Method = public java.util.List<com.example.demo.User> com.example.demo.UserController.list()

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = null

ModelAndView:
        View name = null
             View = null
            Model = null

FlashMap:
       Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
           Status = 200
    Error message = null
          Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}
     Content type = application/json;charset=UTF-8
             Body = [{"id":"3","name":"NASHENG.YUN","age":20}]
    Forwarded URL = null
   Redirected URL = null
          Cookies = []

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/codingcloud/blog/1588662