本文详细介绍了Makefile中常用的特殊变量，包括目标文件名、依赖项等，并解释了这些变量的作用及使用场景。对于理解Makefile的工作原理及进行高效的构建配置具有重要的参考价值。
$@ The filename representing the target.
$% The filename element of an archive member specification.
$< The filename of the first prerequisite.
$? The names of all prerequisites that are newer than the target, separated by spaces.
$^ The filenames of all the prerequisites, separated by spaces. This list has duplicate filenames removed since for most uses, such as compiling, copying, etc., duplicates are not wanted.
$+ Similar to $^, this is the names of all the prerequisites separated by spaces, except that $+ includes duplicates. This variable was created for specific situations such as arguments to linkers where duplicate values have meaning.
$* The stem of the target filename. A stem is typically a filename without its suffix. (We’ll discuss how stems are computed later in the section “Pattern Rules.”) Its use outside of pattern rules is discouraged.
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