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稳扎稳打Silverlight(21) - 2.0通信之WebRequest和WebResponse, 对指定的URI发出请求以及接收响应


作者: webabcd


介绍
Silverlight 2.0 详解WebRequest和WebResponse,对指定的URI做GET和POST请求,以及接收其响应
    HttpWebRequest - 对指定的 URI 发出请求
        Create() - 初始化一个 WebRequest
        BeginGetResponse() - 开始对指定 URI 资源做异步请求
        EndGetResponse() - 结束对指定 URI 资源做异步请求
    HttpWebResponse - 对指定的 URI 做出响应
        GetResponseStream() - 获取响应的数据流


在线DEMO
http://webabcd.blog.51cto.com/1787395/342779

示例
1、对指定的URI做GET请求以及接收响应
WebRequestGet.xaml
<UserControl x:Class="Silverlight20.Communication.WebRequestGet"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
        <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5">
        
                <TextBlock x:Name="lblMsg" />
                
        </StackPanel>
</UserControl>
 
WebRequestGet.xaml.cs
InBlock.gif using System;
InBlock.gif using System.Collections.Generic;
InBlock.gif using System.Linq;
InBlock.gif using System.Net;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Controls;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Documents;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Input;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Media;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Shapes;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif using System.Threading;
InBlock.gif using System.IO;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif namespace Silverlight20.Communication
InBlock.gif{
InBlock.gif         public partial class WebRequestGet : UserControl
InBlock.gif        {
InBlock.gif                 // 接收 GET 方式数据的 REST 服务
InBlock.gif                 string _url = "http://localhost:3036/REST.svc/Users/json";
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                // 异常信息
InBlock.gif                string _exception = "";
InBlock.gif                
InBlock.gif                // SynchronizationContext - 同步上下文管理类
InBlock.gif                SynchronizationContext _syncContext;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                public WebRequestGet()
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        InitializeComponent();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        Demo();
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                void Demo()
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        // SynchronizationContext.Current - 当前线程的同步上下文
InBlock.gif                        _syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        /*
InBlock.gif                         * HttpWebRequest - 对指定的 URI 发出请求
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.Create(uri) - 初始化一个 WebRequest
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.BeginGetResponse(AsyncCallback callback, Object state) - 开始对指定 URI 资源做异步请求
InBlock.gif                         *                 AsyncCallback callback - System.AsyncCallback 委托。异步操作完成时调用的回调方法
InBlock.gif                         *                 Object state - 包含此异步请求的对象。即相应的 HttpWebRequest 对象
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.Abort() - 取消该异步请求
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.Accept - HTTP 头的 Accept    部分
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.ContentType - HTTP 头的 ContentType 部分
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.Headers - HTTP 头的 key/value 对集合
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.Method - HTTP 方法(只支持GET和POST)
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.RequestUri - 所请求的 URI
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.HaveResponse - 是否接收到了指定 URI 的响应
InBlock.gif                         *         HttpWebRequest.AllowReadStreamBuffering - 是否对从 Internet 资源接收的数据做缓冲处理。默认值为true,将数据缓存在客户端内存中,以便随时被应用程序读取
InBlock.gif                         */

InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(
InBlock.gif                                new Uri(_url, UriKind.Absolute)) as HttpWebRequest;
InBlock.gif                        request.Method = "GET";
InBlock.gif                        request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(ResponseCallback), request);
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                private void ResponseCallback(IAsyncResult result)
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        // IAsyncResult.AsyncState - AsyncCallback 传过来的对象
InBlock.gif                        HttpWebRequest request = result.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        WebResponse response = null;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        try
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                // HttpWebRequest.EndGetResponse(IAsyncResult) - 结束对指定 URI 资源做异步请求
InBlock.gif                                //         返回值为 WebResponse 对象
InBlock.gif                                response = request.EndGetResponse(result) as HttpWebResponse;
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif                        catch (Exception ex)
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                _exception = ex.ToString();
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        // SynchronizationContext.Post(SendOrPostCallback d, Object state) - 将异步消息发送到该同步上下文中
InBlock.gif                        //         SendOrPostCallback d - System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback 委托
InBlock.gif                        //         Object state - 需要传递的参数
InBlock.gif                        _syncContext.Post(GetResponse, response);
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                private void GetResponse(object state)
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        /*
InBlock.gif                         * HttpWebResponse - 对指定的 URI 做出响应
InBlock.gif                         *         GetResponseStream() - 获取响应的数据流
InBlock.gif                         */

InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        HttpWebResponse response = state as HttpWebResponse;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        if (response != null)
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
InBlock.gif                                using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(responseStream))
InBlock.gif                                {
InBlock.gif                                        lblMsg.Text = sr.ReadToEnd();
InBlock.gif                                }
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif                        else
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                lblMsg.Text = _exception;
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif        }
InBlock.gif}
 
 
2、对指定的URI做POST请求以及接收响应
WebRequestPost.xaml
<UserControl x:Class="Silverlight20.Communication.WebRequestPost"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
        <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5">
        
                <TextBlock x:Name="lblMsg" />
        
        </StackPanel>
</UserControl>
 
WebRequestPost.xaml.cs
InBlock.gif using System;
InBlock.gif using System.Collections.Generic;
InBlock.gif using System.Linq;
InBlock.gif using System.Net;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Controls;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Documents;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Input;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Media;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
InBlock.gif using System.Windows.Shapes;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif using System.Threading;
InBlock.gif using System.IO;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif namespace Silverlight20.Communication
InBlock.gif{
InBlock.gif         public partial class WebRequestPost : UserControl
InBlock.gif        {
InBlock.gif                 // 接收 POST 方式数据的 REST 服务
InBlock.gif                 string _url = "http://localhost:3036/REST.svc/PostUser";
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                // 异常信息
InBlock.gif                string _exception = "";
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                // SynchronizationContext - 同步上下文管理类
InBlock.gif                SynchronizationContext _syncContext;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                public WebRequestPost()
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        InitializeComponent();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        Demo();
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                void Demo()
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        _syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(
InBlock.gif                                new Uri(_url, UriKind.Absolute)) as HttpWebRequest;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        request.Method = "POST";
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        // BeginGetRequestStream(AsyncCallback callback, Object state) - 向指定的 URI 资源发送数据的流的异步请求
InBlock.gif                        //         AsyncCallback callback - System.AsyncCallback 委托
InBlock.gif                        //         Object state - 包含此异步请求的对象。即相应的 HttpWebRequest 对象
InBlock.gif                        IAsyncResult asyncResult = request.BeginGetRequestStream(
InBlock.gif                                new AsyncCallback(RequestStreamCallback), request);
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                private void RequestStreamCallback(IAsyncResult result)
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        HttpWebRequest request = result.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest;
InBlock.gif                        request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        // HttpWebRequest.EndGetRequestStream(IAsyncResult) - 返回用于将数据写入某 URI 资源的 Stream
InBlock.gif                        Stream requestStream = request.EndGetRequestStream(result);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(requestStream);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        // byte[] postdata = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("name=webabcd");
InBlock.gif                        // 多个参数用“&”分隔
InBlock.gif                        streamWriter.Write("name=webabcd");
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        streamWriter.Close();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(ResponseCallback), request);
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                private void ResponseCallback(IAsyncResult result)
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        HttpWebRequest request = result.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        WebResponse response = null;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        try
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                response = request.EndGetResponse(result);
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif                        catch (Exception ex)
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                _exception = ex.ToString();
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        // 调用 UI 线程
InBlock.gif                        _syncContext.Post(GetResponse, response);
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                private void GetResponse(object state)
InBlock.gif                {
InBlock.gif                        /*
InBlock.gif                         * HttpWebResponse - 对指定的 URI 做出响应
InBlock.gif                         *         GetResponseStream() - 获取响应的数据流
InBlock.gif                         *         ContentLength - 接收的数据的内容长度
InBlock.gif                         *         ContentType - HTTP 头的 ContentType 部分
InBlock.gif                         *         Method - HTTP 方法
InBlock.gif                         *         ResponseUri - 响应该请求的 URI
InBlock.gif                         *         StatusCode - 响应状态 [System.Net.HttpStatusCode枚举]
InBlock.gif                         *                 HttpStatusCode.OK - HTTP 状态为 200
InBlock.gif                         *                 HttpStatusCode.NotFound - HTTP 状态为 404
InBlock.gif                         *         StatusDescription - 响应状态的说明
InBlock.gif                         */

InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        HttpWebResponse response = state as HttpWebResponse;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif                        if (response != null && response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
InBlock.gif                                using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(responseStream))
InBlock.gif                                {
InBlock.gif                                        lblMsg.Text = string.Format("接收的数据的内容长度:{0}\r\nHTTP 头的 ContentType 部分:{1}\r\nHTTP 方法:{2}\r\n响应该请求的 URI:{3}\r\n响应状态:{4}\r\n响应状态的说明:{5}\r\n响应的结果:{6}\r\n",
InBlock.gif                                                response.ContentLength,
InBlock.gif                                                response.ContentType,
InBlock.gif                                                response.Method,
InBlock.gif                                                response.ResponseUri,
InBlock.gif                                                response.StatusCode,
InBlock.gif                                                response.StatusDescription,
InBlock.gif                                                sr.ReadToEnd());
InBlock.gif                                }
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif                        else
InBlock.gif                        {
InBlock.gif                                lblMsg.Text = _exception;
InBlock.gif                        }
InBlock.gif                }
InBlock.gif        }
InBlock.gif}