本文详细解析了Linux环境中Shell、Terminal及Console的概念及其相互之间的区别。Shell是负责处理命令并返回输出的程序，它管理着命令历史记录等功能。Terminal是一个运行Shell的包装程序，通常以窗口形式出现在桌面环境中。Console则是特指直接与操作系统进行低级别通信的键盘和显示器，现代Linux系统提供了虚拟Console供用户使用。
In the linux world they can all look the same from the point of view of the user at the keyboard. The differences are in how they interact with each other.
The shell is the program which actually processes commands and returns output. Most shells also manage foreground and background processes, command history and command line editing. These features (and many more) are standard in bash, the most common shell in modern linux systems.
A terminal refers to a wrapper program which runs a shell. Decades ago, this was a physical device consisting of little more than a monitor and keyboard. As unix/linux systems added better multiprocessing and windowing systems, this terminal concept was abstracted into software. Now you have programs such as Gnome Terminal which launches a window in a Gnome windowing environment which will run ashell into which you can enter commands.
The console is a special sort of terminal. Historically, the console was a single keyboard and monitor plugged into a dedicated serial console port on a computer used for direct communication at a low level with the operating system. Modern linux systems provide virtual consoles. These are accessed through key combinations (e.g. Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F1; the function key numbers different consoles) which are handled at low levels of the linux operating system -- this means that there is no special service which needs to be installed and configured to run. Interacting with the console is also done using a shell program.
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