学习札记:cin.clear(istream::failbit)

本文介绍了一个C++ Primer中的例子,在Visual Studio 2005中使用cin.clear(istream::failbit)会导致程序进入死循环的问题,并提供了解决方案:使用cin.clear()并结合cin.ignore()来忽略非法输入。

C++ Primer 上有如下例子

int ival;
while(cin>>ival,!cin.eof()){
	if(cin.bad()){
		throw runtime_error("IO stream corrupted");

	}		    
	if(cin.fail()){	
		cerr<<"bad data,try again"<<endl;
		cin.clear(istream::failbit);
	}   
		
}

若输入2.1,会进入死循环。究其原因,是编译器VS 2005不能正确支持cin.clear(istream::failbit).。可以用cin.clear(),把bad,fail,eof三个位都置0。改写如下

int ival;
while(cin>>ival,!cin.eof()){
	if(cin.bad()){
		throw runtime_error("IO stream corrupted");

	}		    
	if(cin.fail()){	
		cerr<<"bad data,try again"<<endl;
		//cin.clear(istream::failbit);
		cin.clear();
		cin.ignore(200,' ');
	}   
		
}


注意,恢复流之后需要跳过类型非法的输入项(否则会出现死循环),采用ignore函数跳过若干字符(跳过200个字符或遇到空格或文件结束为止),所以输入数据必须以空格作为间隔。


转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/seventhsaint/archive/2012/11/18/2805658.html

a.cpp: In function ‘int main(): a.cpp:9:14: error: no match for ‘operator>>’ (operand types are ‘std::istream’ {aka ‘std::basic_istream<char>’} and ‘char*’) 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~~~~~~ ^~ ~~~~~~~ | | | | | char* | std::istream {aka std::basic_istream<char>} In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:168:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(bool&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 168 | operator>>(bool& __n) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:168:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind non-const lvalue reference of type ‘bool&’ to a value of type ‘char*’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:172:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(short int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]’ (near match) 172 | operator>>(short& __n); | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:172:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘short int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(short int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘short int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:175:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(short unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 175 | operator>>(unsigned short& __n) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:175:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘short unsigned int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(short unsigned int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘short unsigned int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:179:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]’ (near match) 179 | operator>>(int& __n); | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:179:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:182:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 182 | operator>>(unsigned int& __n) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:182:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘unsigned int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(unsigned int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘unsigned int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:186:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 186 | operator>>(long& __n) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:186:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘long int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(long int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘long int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:190:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 190 | operator>>(unsigned long& __n) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:190:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘long unsigned int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(long unsigned int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘long unsigned int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:195:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long long int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 195 | operator>>(long long& __n) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:195:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘long long int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(long long int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘long long int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:199:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long long unsigned int&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 199 | operator>>(unsigned long long& __n) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:199:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: invalid conversion from ‘char*’ to ‘long long unsigned int’ [-fpermissive] 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ | | | char* a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind rvalue ‘(long long unsigned int)(((char*)(& s)) + 1)’ to ‘long long unsigned int&’ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:235:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(void*&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ (near match) 235 | operator>>(void*& __p) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:235:7: note: conversion of argument 1 would be ill-formed: a.cpp:9:20: error: cannot bind non-const lvalue reference of type ‘void*&’ to an rvalue of type ‘void*’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:120:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& (*)(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ 120 | operator>>(__istream_type& (*__pf)(__istream_type&)) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:120:36: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘char*’ to ‘std::basic_istream<char>::__istream_type& (*)(std::basic_istream<char>::__istream_type&)’ {aka ‘std::basic_istream<char>& (*)(std::basic_istream<char>&)’} 120 | operator>>(__istream_type& (*__pf)(__istream_type&)) | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:124:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type& (*)(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type = std::basic_ios<char>]’ 124 | operator>>(__ios_type& (*__pf)(__ios_type&)) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:124:32: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘char*’ to ‘std::basic_istream<char>::__ios_type& (*)(std::basic_istream<char>::__ios_type&)’ {aka ‘std::basic_ios<char>& (*)(std::basic_ios<char>&)’} 124 | operator>>(__ios_type& (*__pf)(__ios_type&)) | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:131:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ 131 | operator>>(ios_base& (*__pf)(ios_base&)) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:131:30: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘char*’ to ‘std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)’ 131 | operator>>(ios_base& (*__pf)(ios_base&)) | ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:214:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(float&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ 214 | operator>>(float& __f) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:214:25: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘char*’ to ‘float&’ 214 | operator>>(float& __f) | ~~~~~~~^~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:218:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(double&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ 218 | operator>>(double& __f) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:218:26: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘char*’ to ‘double&’ 218 | operator>>(double& __f) | ~~~~~~~~^~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:222:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(long double&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__istream_type = std::basic_istream<char>]’ 222 | operator>>(long double& __f) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:222:31: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘char*’ to ‘long double&’ 222 | operator>>(long double& __f) | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:259:7: note: candidate: ‘std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type*) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type = std::basic_streambuf<char>]’ 259 | operator>>(__streambuf_type* __sb); | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:259:36: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘char*’ to ‘std::basic_istream<char>::__streambuf_type*’ {aka ‘std::basic_streambuf<char>*’} 259 | operator>>(__streambuf_type* __sb); | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/string:56, from /usr/include/c++/11/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/include/c++/11/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/include/c++/11/ios:42, from /usr/include/c++/11/ostream:38, from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:39, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/bits/basic_string.tcc:1485:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&)’ 1485 | operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __in, | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/bits/basic_string.tcc:1485:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: a.cpp:9:23: note: mismatched types ‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>’ and ‘char*’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ^ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/istream:1016, from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/bits/istream.tcc:958:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _CharT, class _Traits> std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&, _CharT&)’ 958 | operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __in, _CharT& __c) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/bits/istream.tcc:958:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: a.cpp:9:23: note: deduced conflicting types for parameter ‘_CharT’ (‘char’ and ‘char*’) 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ^ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:756:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _Traits> std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>& std::operator>>(std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>&, unsigned char&)’ 756 | operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& __in, unsigned char& __c) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:756:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: a.cpp:9:20: note: cannot convert ‘(((char*)(& s)) + 1)(type ‘char*’) to type ‘unsigned char&’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:761:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _Traits> std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>& std::operator>>(std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>&, signed char&)’ 761 | operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& __in, signed char& __c) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:761:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: a.cpp:9:20: note: cannot convert ‘(((char*)(& s)) + 1)(type ‘char*’) to type ‘signed char&’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ~~~^~~~ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:859:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _CharT, class _Traits, long unsigned int _Num> std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::operator>>(std::basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&, _CharT (&)[_Num])’ 859 | operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __in, _CharT (&__s)[_Num]) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:859:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: a.cpp:9:23: note: mismatched types ‘_CharT [_Num]’ and ‘char*’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ^ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:868:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _Traits, long unsigned int _Num> std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>& std::operator>>(std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>&, unsigned char (&)[_Num])’ 868 | operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& __in, unsigned char (&__s)[_Num]) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:868:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: a.cpp:9:23: note: mismatched types ‘unsigned char [_Num]’ and ‘char*’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ^ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:873:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _Traits, long unsigned int _Num> std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>& std::operator>>(std::basic_istream<char, _Traits>&, signed char (&)[_Num])’ 873 | operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& __in, signed char (&__s)[_Num]) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:873:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: a.cpp:9:23: note: mismatched types ‘signed char [_Num]’ and ‘char*’ 9 | std::cin >> (s + 1); // 这里确保输入到s数组的第二个位置开始 | ^ In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:40, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:1006:5: note: candidate: ‘template<class _Istream, class _Tp> _Istream&& std::operator>>(_Istream&&, _Tp&&)’ 1006 | operator>>(_Istream&& __is, _Tp&& __x) | ^~~~~~~~ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:1006:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed: /usr/include/c++/11/istream: In substitution of ‘template<class _Istream, class _Tp> _Istream&& std::operator>>(_Istream&&, _Tp&&) [with _Istream = std::basic_istream<char>&; _Tp = char*]’: a.cpp:9:23: required from here /usr/include/c++/11/istream:1006:5: error: template constraint failure for ‘template<class _Is, class _Tp> requires (__derived_from_ios_base<_Is>) && requires(_Is& __is, _Tp&& __t) {__is >> (forward<_Tp>)(__t);} using __rvalue_stream_extraction_t = _Is&&’ /usr/include/c++/11/istream:1006:5: note: constraints not satisfied In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/iostream:39, from a.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/11/ostream: In substitution of ‘template<class _Is, class _Tp> requires (__derived_from_ios_base<_Is>) && requires(_Is& __is, _Tp&& __t) {__is >> (forward<_Tp>)(__t);} using __rvalue_stream_extraction_t = _Is&& [with _Is = std::basic_istream<char>&; _Tp = char*]’: /usr/include/c++/11/istream:1006:5: required by substitution of ‘template<class _Istream, class _Tp> _Istream&& std::operator>>(_Istream&&, _Tp&&) [with _Istream = std::basic_istream<char>&; _Tp = char*]’ a.cpp:9:23: required from here /usr/include/c++/11/ostream:717:13: required for the satisfaction of ‘__derived_from_ios_base<_Is>’ [with _Is = std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&] /usr/include/c++/11/ostream:717:39: note: the expression ‘is_class_v<_Tp> [with _Tp = std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&]’ evaluated to ‘false’ 717 | concept __derived_from_ios_base = is_class_v<_Tp> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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