《 FreeSWITCH权威指南》——1.5 媒体

本文介绍了通信系统中的媒体概念及其传输方式。详细解释了语音、视频等媒体如何通过RTP协议进行传输,并将此过程比喻为乘客乘坐火车旅行。同时,文中对比了信令与媒体的不同作用。

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本节书摘来自华章计算机《 FreeSWITCH权威指南》一书中的第1章,第1.5节,作者:杜金房 张令考 更多章节内容可以访问云栖社区“华章计算机”公众号查看。

1.5 媒体

信令主要传输一些控制信号,而通信双方需要听到的是对方的语音数据,这些语音数据就称为媒体(Media)。随着通信系统能力的提高及更加高级、智能的终端设备的出现,通信系统所能传输的媒体类型也越来越丰富,比较典型的有我们刚才提到的语音,还有视频、文字信息(短消息)、传真等。
在SIP通信中,除文字外,媒体都是在RTP协议中传输的。由于媒体一般都是持续传输的,因此又称RTP流。
举一个通俗一点例子:假设张三乘火车从北京到南京,那么张三就是媒体。而火车称为承载(或载体,Carrier)。为了保证正常运行,火车需要听从控制信号的指挥,而这些控制信号就相当于信令。如果信令出了问题,媒体就可能无法正常到达了。当然这个比方可能不十分恰当,你也可以认为张三和火车都是媒体,只不过张三被火车“包”了一层,而铁路才是真正的载体。不管怎么说,在SIP通信中,SIP相当于这里的火车控制信号,RTP流中的语音数据相当于很多张三,他们被RTP又“包”了一层,通过以太网承载到达目的地。

Master the art of advanced VoIP and WebRTC communication with the most dynamic application server, FreeSWITCH About This Book Forget the hassle - make FreeSWITCH work for you Discover how FreeSWITCH integrates with a range of tools and APIs From high availability to IVR development use this book to become more confident with this useful communication software Who This Book Is For SysAdmins, VoIP engineers – whoever you are, whatever you’re trying to do, this book will help you get more from FreeSWITCH. What You Will Learn Get to grips with the core concepts of FreeSWITCH Learn FreeSWITCH high availability Work with SIP profiles, gateways, ITSPs, and Codecs optimization Implement effective security on your projects Master audio manipulation and recording Discover how FreeSWITCH works alongside WebRTC Build your own complex IVR and PBX applications Connect directly to PSTN/TDM Create your own FreeSWITCH module Trace SIP packets with the help of best open source tools Implement Homer Sipcapture to troubleshoot and debug all your platform traffic In Detail FreeSWITCH is one of the best tools around if you’re looking for a modern method of managing communication protocols through a range of different media. From real-time browser communication with the WebRTC API to implementing VoIP (voice over internet protocol), with FreeSWITCH you’re in full control of your projects. This book shows you how to unlock its full potential – more than just a tutorial, it’s packed with plenty of tips and tricks to make it work for you. Written by members of the team who actually helped build FreeSWITCH, it will guide you through some of the newest features of version 1.6 including video transcoding and conferencing. Find out how FreeSWITCH interacts with other tools and APIs, learn how to tackle common (and not so common) challenges ranging from high availability to IVR development and programming advanced PBXs. Great communication functionality begins with FreeSWITCH – find out how and get your project up and running today. Style and approach Find out how it works, then put your knowledge into practice - that's how this advanced FreeSWITCH guide has been designed to help you learn. You'll soon master FreeSWITCH and be confident using it in your projects. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Typical Voice Uses for FreeSWITCH Chapter 2: Deploying FreeSWITCH Chapter 3: ITSP and Voice Codecs Optimization Chapter 4: VoIP Security Chapter 5: Audio File and Streaming Formats, Music on Hold, Recording Calls Chapter 6: PSTN and TDM Chapter 7: WebRTC and Mod_Verto Chapter 8: Audio and Video Conferencing Chapter 9: Faxing and T38 Chapter 10: Advanced IVR with Lua Chapter 11: Write Your FreeSWITCH Module in C Chapter 12: Tracing and Debugging VoIP Chapter 13: Homer, Monitoring and Troubleshooting your Communication Platform
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