Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.
According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”
_______3______ / \ ___5__ ___1__ / \ / \ 6 _2 0 8 / \ 7 4
For example, the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes
5
and
1
is
3
. Another example is LCA of nodes
5
and
4
is
5
, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.
二刷 40%
思考:遍历到节点node,要判断它是否是p、q的LCA,想知道node是否等于p、q,以及node的左子树和右子树里包含p,q的情况。
建一个helper function,返回以node为根的树里包含p、q的情况。
若返回1,表示包含p; 若返回2,表示包含q; 若返回3,表示包含p和q; 若返回0,表示都不包含。
遍历到node,可以分这几种情况:
如果 node == p,再看node的左右子树里是否包含q,如果包含返回3,并且把node设为result
如果 node == q,再看node的左右子树里是否包含p,如果包含返回3,并把node设为result
如果 node != p 且node != q
看node的左子树,如果返回3(包含p、q),则返回3(但不需要设置result, 因为result应该在root的左子树里)
同理看node的右子树,如果返回3,则root也返回3
如果helper(root.left) + helper(root.right) == 3,说明p和q一个在root的左子树里,一个在右子树里,把root设为result,返回3
所有为3的情况都返回了,不为3的话返回helper(root.left) + helper(root.right)
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
* }
*/
public class Solution {
TreeNode node = null;
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
findNode(root, p, q);
return node;
}
public int findNode(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
if (root == null) {
return 0;
}
int re = 0;
if (root == p) {
re = 1 + findNode(root.left, p, q) + findNode(root.right, p, q);
} else if (root == q) {
re = 2 + findNode(root.left, p, q) + findNode(root.right, p, q);
} else {
int left = findNode(root.left, p, q);
if (left == 3) {
return 3;
}
int right = findNode(root.right, p, q);
if (right == 3) {
return 3;
}
re = left + right;
}
if (re == 3) {
node = root;
}
return re;
}
}
recursively root,检查root是否是pq,root的左子树是否有pq,root的右子树是否有pq。 18%
如果左子树不含pq,lowestCommonAncestor(root.right,p,q)返回空,LCA在右子树中。
递归,检查root,检查root.left, 检查root.right
**这种办法是基于p、q一定在root中
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
* }
*/
public class Solution {
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
if(root==null) return null;
if(root==p || root==q) return root;
TreeNode left=lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q), right = lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);
if(left!=null && right!=null) return root;
if(right==null) return left;
if(left==null) return right;
return null;
}
}