CCNA 配置试验之一 静态路由

静态路由的应用场合

•          一个小型到中型的网络，而且没有或只有较小的扩充计划时。

•          静态路由要手工输入，手工管理；管理开销对于动态路由来说是一个大大的负担。

静态路由优缺点

•          优点：

•            1.对路由器CPU没有管理性开销

•            2.在路由器间没有带宽占用

•            3.增加安全性

•          缺点：

•            1.必须真正了解网络

•            2.对于新添网络配置繁琐

•            3.对于大型网络工作量巨大

静态路由的配置

Router(config)#ip route network  [mask] {address | interface}[distance] [permanent]
即Router（config）#ip route 目标网段 目标网段的网络掩码 直连邻居的接口IP地址

（直连邻居的接口IP地址=下一跳的IP地址=网关）

 

下面我们通过试验来验证静态路由的配置

CCNA试验我使用的是模拟器

试验环境如下：

试验环境说明：

R1的ip地址为 192.168.1.1（S0/0） 网络掩码为255.255.255.0

R2的ip地址为 192.168.1.2(S0/0)  192.168.2.1(S0/1) 网络掩码为255.255.255.0

R3的ip地址为 192.168.2.2 (S0/1)  192.168.3.1S0/2) 网络掩码为255.255.255.0

R4的ip地址为 192.168.3.2(S0/2) 网络掩码为255.255.255.0

R1的S0/0端口、R2的S0/1端口、R3的S0/2端口为DCE端

试验要求：

要求在路由器间配置静态路由使路由器间相互ping通。实现全网全通。

好了，开始工作

R1

en

conf  t

host r1                                    定义路由器名称

enable password cisco                        定义特权口令

line vty 0 4                                 定义telne口令

pass cisco      

login

exit

int s0/0                                     定义接口信息

ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

clock rate 64000                              设置时钟频率

no shut

exit 

ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2     在R1中配置静态路由

ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2

 

 

R2

en

conf  t

host r2                                    定义路由器名称

enable password cisco                        定义特权口令

line vty 0 4                                 定义telne口令

pass cisco      

login

exit

int s0/0                                     定义接口信息

ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

exit

int s0/1

ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

clock rate 64000                              设置时钟频率

no shut

exit 

ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2     在R2中配置静态路由

 

 

R3

en

conf  t

host r3                                    定义路由器名称

enable password cisco                        定义特权口令

line vty 0 4                                 定义telne口令

pass cisco      

login

exit

int s0/1                                     定义接口信息

ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

exit

int s0/2

ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

clock rate 64000                              设置时钟频率

no shut

exit 

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1     在R3中配置静态路由

 

R4

 

en

conf  t

host r4                                    定义路由器名称

enable password cisco                        定义特权口令

line vty 0 4                                 定义telne口令

pass cisco      

login

exit

int s0/2                                     定义接口信息

ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

no shut

exit

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1     在R4中配置静态路由

ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

在R1上ping R2 R3 R4  如下图所示，全网全通啦

 

如下是在路由器R1  R2  R3  R4 里做出的配置 红色字体为配置内容

R1

Router>en

Router#conf  t

Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#host r1

r1(config)#enable password cisco

r1(config)#line vty 0 4

r1(config-line)#pass cisco

r1(config-line)#login

r1(config-line)#exit

r1(config)#int s0/0

r1(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#clock rate 64000

r1(config-if)#no shut

r1(config-if)#exit

*Mar  1 00:05:14.311: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:05:15.311: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,

 changed state to up

r1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2

r1(config)#

*Mar  1 00:05:43.055: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,

 changed state to down

r1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2

 

R2

 

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#host r2

r2(config)#enable password cisco

r2(config)#line vty 0 4

r2(config-line)#pass cisco

r2(config-line)#login

r2(config-line)#exit

r2(config)#int s0/0

r2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

r2(config-if)#no shut

r2(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:05:21.035: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:05:22.035: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,

 changed state to upexit

r2(config)#int s0/1

r2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

r2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

r2(config-if)#no shut

r2(config-if)#exit

r2(config)#

*Mar  1 00:25:35.283: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,

 changed state to down%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,

*Mar  1 00:25:45.267: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,

 changed state to up: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,

 changed state to down

r2(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

 

 

R3 

 

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#host r3

r3(config)#enable password cisco

r3(config)#line vty 0 4

r3(config-line)#password cisco

r3(config-line)#login

r3(config-line)#exit

r3(config)#int s0/1

r3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

r3(config-if)#no shut

r3(config-if)#exit

r3(config)#

*Mar  1 00:03:39.899: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to upi

*Mar  1 00:03:40.903: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,

 changed state to u

r3(config)#int s0/2

r3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000

r3(config-if)#no shut

r3(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:04:24.839: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:04:25.839: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,

 changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:04:53.839: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,

 changed state to down

r3(config-if)#exit

r3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

 

 

.

R4

 

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#host r4

r4(config)#enable pass cisco

r4(config)#line vty 0 4

r4(config-line)#pass cisco

r4(config-line)#login

r4(config-line)#exit

r4(config)#int s0/2

r4(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

r4(config-if)#no shut

r4(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:03:04.871: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:03:05.871: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,

 changed state to up

r4(config-if)#exit

r4(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

r4(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

 

下面是在R1上分别ping R2  R3  R4 的结果，

 

r1>ping 192.168.1.2

 

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 52/298/540 ms

r1>ping 192.168.2.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/218/376 ms

r1>ping 192.168.2.2

 

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 304/447/644 ms

r1>ping 192.168.3.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/460/804 ms

r1>ping 192.168.3.2

 

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 664/739/936 ms

哈哈 全网全通了！试验宣告成功！！！！！

 

附：静态路由的删除：

(config)#no ip route 目标网段 目标网段的网络掩码 直连邻居的接口IP地址

本文转自 范琳琳 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/fanlinlin/132177，如需转载请自行联系原作者