CCNA---静态路由

目录

概念

由网络管理员手工为路由器指定路径叫静态路由。

实例

搭建拓扑图

实验要求

1.内网ip基于172.16.0.0/16进行子网划分
2.除了R2 - R4路由器各有两个环回接口
3.R1下PC自动获取IP地址
4.全网可达
5.尽量减少路由条目
6.R4 - R5之间正常走100M线路，100故障走10M，备份

配置过程

划分子网

172.16.0.0 /16

172.16. 000 00000.0
255.255. 000 00000.0
借三位

172.16.0.0 /20—借1位，作为DHCP下放网段
172.16.0.0 /21—R1–PC1
172.16.16.0 /21—R1–PC2

主干道网络域：
172.16.32.0 /20
172.16.64.0 /20
172.16.128.0 /20
172.16.96.0 /20
172.16.160.0 /20
172.16.192.0 /20
172.16.224.0 /20

配置各个路由器的IP地址

R1路由器：
Rourter1>enable
Rourter1#configure terminal
Rourter1(config)#hostname R1
R1 (config)#no ip domain-lookup //关闭域名解析
R1 (config)#line console 0
R1 (config-line)#logging synchronous //开启日志同步
R1 (config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 //永不超时
R1 (config-line)#exit
R1 (config)# interface FastEthernet0/0
R1 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.32.1 255.255.240.0
R1 (config-if)no shutdown
R1 (config-if)interface FastEthernet1/0
R1 (config-if)ip address 172.16.128.1 255.255.240.0
R1 (config-if)no shutdown
R1 (config-if)interface FastEthernet2/0
R1 (config-if)ip address 172.16.16.1 255.255.248.0
R1 (config-if)no shutdown
R1 (config-if)interface FastEthernet2/1
R1 (config-if)ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.248.0
R1 (config-if)no shutdown
R1 (config-if)#exit
R1 (config)#

R2路由器：
Rourter2>enable
Rourter2#configure terminal
Rourter2 (config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R2 (config)#line console 0
R2 (config-line)#logging synchronous
R2 (config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R2 (config-line)#exit
R2 (config)# interface FastEthernet0/0
R2 (config-if)# ip address 172.16.32.2 255.255.240.0
R2 (config-if)#no shutdown
R2 (config-if)# interface FastEthernet1/0
R2 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.64.1 255.255.240.0
R2 (config-if)#no shutdown
R2 (config-if)#exit
R2 (config)#

R3路由器：
Rourter3>enable
Rourter3#configure terminal
Rourter3 (config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R3 (config)#line console 0
R3 (config-line)#logging synchronous
R3 (config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R3 (config-line)#exit
R3 (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R3 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.96.1 255.255.240.0
R3 (config-if)#no shutdown
R3 (config-if)#interface FastEthernet1/0
R3 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.128.2 255.255.240.0
R3 (config-if)#no shutdown
R3 (config-if)#exit
R3 (config)#

R4路由器：
Rourter4>enable
Rourter4#configure terminal
Rourter4 (config)#hostname R4
R4(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R4 (config)#line console 0
R4 (config-line)#logging synchronous
R4 (config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R4 (config-line)#exit
R4 (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R4 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.96.2 255.255.240.0
R4 (config-if)#no shutdown
R4 (config-if)#interface FastEthernet1/0
R4 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.64.2 255.255.240.0
R4 (config-if)#no shutdown
R4 (config-if)#interface FastEthernet2/0
R4 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.160.1 255.255.240.0
R4 (config-if)#no shutdown
R4 (config-if)#interface FastEthernet2/1
R4 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.192.1 255.255.240.0
R4 (config-if)#no shutdown
R4 (config-if)#exit
R4 (config)#

R5路由器：
Rourter5>enable
Rourter5#configure terminal
Rourter5 (config)#hostname R5
R5(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R5 (config)#line console 0
R5 (config-line)#logging synchronous
R5 (config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R5 (config-line)#exit
R5 (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
R5 (config-if)#ip address 202.100.1.1 255.255.255.0
R5 (config-if)#no shutdown
R5 (config-if)#interface FastEthernet2/0
R5 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.160.2 255.255.240.0
R5 (config-if)#no shutdown
R5 (config-if)#interface FastEthernet2/1
R5 (config-if)#ip address 172.16.192.2 255.255.240.0
R5 (config-if)#no shutdown
R5 (config-if)#exit
R5 (config)#

配置下一跳

R1路由器：
R1 (config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 Null 0 //空接口防环
R1 (config)#ip route 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.32.2
R1 (config)#ip route 172.16.96.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.128.2
R1 (config)#ip route 172.16.160.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.32.2
R1 (config)#ip route 172.16.160.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.128.2
R1 (config)#ip route 172.16.192.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.32.2
R1 (config)#ip route 172.16.192.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.128.2
R1 (config)#ip route 202.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.128.2
R1 (config)#ip route 202.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.32.2
R1 (config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 202.100.1.1 //缺省，指向外网

R2路由器：
R2 (config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.32.1 //网络汇总
R2 (config)#ip route 172.16.96.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.64.2
R2 (config)#ip route 172.16.128.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.32.1
R2 (config)#ip route 172.16.160.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.64.2
R2 (config)#ip route 172.16.192.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.64.2
R2 (config)#ip route 202.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.64.2
R2 (config)#end
R2 #write //保存配置

R3路由器：
R3 (config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.128.1
R3 (config)#ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.128.1
R3 (config)#ip route 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.69.2
R3 (config)#ip route 172.16.160.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.96.2
R3 (config)#ip route 172.16.192.0 255.255.240.0 172.16.96.2
R3 (config)#ip route 202.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.96.2
R3 (config)#end
R3 #write

R4路由器：
R4 (config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.64.1
R4 (config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.96.1
R4 (config)#ip route 202.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.192.2
R4 (config)#ip route 202.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.160.2 100 //更改优先级，备份
R4 (config)#end
R4 #write

R5路由器：
R5 (config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.192.1
R5 (config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.160.1 100
R5 (config)#end
R5 #write

在R1上配置DHCP

R1 (config)#ip dhcp pool PC1 //建立地址池
R1 (dhcp-config)#network 172.16.16.0 255.255.248.0 //宣告下放网段
R1 (dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.16.1 //绑定接口
R1 (dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8
R1 (dhcp-config)#exit
R1 (config)#ip dhcp pool PC2
R1 (dhcp-config)#network 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0
R1 (dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.0.1
R1 (dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8
R1 (dhcp-config)#exit
R1 (config)#end
R1 #write

在PC上设定通过DHCP获取IP地址

此时全网可达。