本文详细介绍SpringMVC的基础配置、常用注解、参数处理等核心功能，并对比Struts2，帮助理解SpringMVC的工作原理。
一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name><spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="56_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="56"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="56_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>mvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="57_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="57"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=servlet&k0=servlet&kdi0=0&luki=5&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="57_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">servlet</span></a></span>>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> |
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | @RequestMapping("/mvc") publicclassmvcController {
@RequestMapping("/hello") publicString hello(){ return"hello"; } } |
7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定 到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
1 2 3 4 5 6 | //match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") publicString toPerson(String name,doubleage){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return"hello"; } |
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | packagetest.SpringMVC.model;
publicclassPerson { publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicintgetAge() { returnage; } publicvoidsetAge(intage) { this.age = age; } privateString name; privateintage;
} |
2.在Controller里编写方法
1 2 3 4 5 6 | //boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") publicString toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return"hello"; } |
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | //the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") publicString date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return"hello"; }
//At the time of initialization,convert the <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="38_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="38" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=type&k0=type&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="38_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">type</span></a></span> "String" to type "date" @InitBinder publicvoidinitBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="39_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;"mpid="39"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="39_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> CustomDateEditor(newSimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } |
七、向前台传递参数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | //pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") publicString showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="37_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;"mpid="37"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="37_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return"show"; } |
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | //pass the parameters to front-end using <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="36_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="36" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=ajax&k0=ajax&kdi0=0&luki=3&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="36_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">ajax</span></a></span> @RequestMapping("/getPerson") publicvoidgetPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") publicString sayHello(){ return"name"; } |
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | $(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;" id="34_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;" mpid="34" target="_blank" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0" id="34_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">mvc</span></a></span>/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); }); |
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
1 2 3 4 5 | //redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") publicString redirect(){ return"redirect:hello"; } |
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
1 2 3 4 | <!-- upload settings --> <beanid="multipartResolver" class="org.<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="33_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="33"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="33_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <propertyname="maxUploadSize"value="102400000"></property> </bean> |
3.方法代码
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) publicString upload(HttpServletRequest req)throwsException{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="32_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;"mpid="32"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="32_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos =newFileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(newDate())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close();
return"hello"; } |
4.前台form表单
1 2 3 4 | <formaction="mvc/upload"method="post"enc<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="30_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="30"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=type&k0=type&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="30_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">type</span></a></span>="multipart/form-data"> <inputtype="file"name="file"><br> <inputtype="submit"value="submit"> </form> |
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | @Controller @RequestMapping("/test") publicclass<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="29_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;"mpid="29"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="29_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">mvc</span></a></span>Controller1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") publicString testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return"/hello"; } } |
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | @Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") publicclassRestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) publicString get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return"/hello"; }
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) publicString post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return"/hello"; }
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) publicString put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return"/hello"; }
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) publicString delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return"/hello"; }
} |
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="27_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="27"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="27_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> |
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <input<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="24_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="24"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=type&k0=type&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="24_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">type</span></a></span>="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <inputtype="submit"value="put"> </form>
<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="submit"value="post"> </form>
<formaction="rest/user/1"method="get"> <inputtype="submit"value="get"> </form>
<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post"> <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="DELETE"> <input<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="25_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="25"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=type&k0=type&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="25_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">type</span></a></span>="submit" value="delete"> </form> |
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | @Controller @RequestMapping("/json") publicclassjsonController {
@ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="23_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;"mpid="23"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="23_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(newDate()); returnu; } } |
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常（Controller内）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | @ExceptionHandler publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv =newModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); returnmv; }
@RequestMapping("/error") publicString error(){ inti =5/0; return"hello"; } |
2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | @ControllerAdvice publicclasstestControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = <span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="22_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;"mpid="22"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="22_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); returnmv; } } |
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <beanclass="org.<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="20_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="20"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="20_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.web.<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="21_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="21"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=servlet&k0=servlet&kdi0=0&luki=5&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="21_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">servlet</span></a></span>.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <propertyname="exceptionMappings"> <props> <propkey="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean> |
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | publicclassMyInterceptorimplementsHandlerInterceptor {
@Override publicvoidafterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throwsException { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); }
@Override publicvoidpostHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)throwsException { System.out.println("postHandle"); }
@Override publicbooleanpreHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2)throwsException { System.out.println("preHandle"); returntrue; }
} |
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | <!-- interceptor setting --> <<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="19_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="19"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="19_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">mvc</span></a></span>:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mappingpath="/mvc/**"/> <beanclass="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> |
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | publicclassUser { publicintgetId() { returnid; } publicvoidsetId(intid) { this.id = id; } publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicDate getBirth() { returnbirth; } publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override publicString toString() { return"User [id="+ id +", name="+ name +", birth="+ birth +"]"; } privateintid; @NotEmpty privateString name;
@Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") privateDate birth; } |
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
1 2 3 4 5 6 | <form:formaction="form/add"method="post"modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:inputpath="id"/><form:errorspath="id"/><br> name:<form:inputpath="name"/><form:errorspath="name"/><br> birth:<form:inputpath="birth"/><form:errorspath="birth"/> <input<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="17_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="17"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=type&k0=type&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="17_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">type</span></a></span>="submit" value="submit"> </form:form> |
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | @Controller @RequestMapping("/form") publicclassformController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) publicString add(@ValidUser u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return"addUser"; } return"showUser"; }
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) publicString add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="16_nwp"><a style="text-decoration: none;"mpid="16"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=new&k0=new&kdi0=0&luki=1&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="16_nwl"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">new</span></a></span> User()); return"addUser"; } } |
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
1 2 3 4 | <!-- configure the locale resource --> <beanid="messageSource"class="org.<span style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="13_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="13"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="13_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <propertyname="basename"value="locale"></property> </bean> |
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号
password=密码locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password创建一个locale.jsp
1 2 3 4 | <body> <fmt:messagekey="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:messagekey="password"></fmt:message> </body> |
在SpringMVC中配置
1 2 | <!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> <<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="12_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="12"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=mvc&k0=mvc&kdi0=0&luki=10&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="12_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">mvc</span></a></span>:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/> |
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类
2.User实体类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | publicclassUser { publicintgetId() { returnid; } publicvoidsetId(intid) { this.id = id; } publicString getName() { returnname; } publicvoidsetName(String name) { this.name = name; } publicDate getBirth() { returnbirth; } publicvoidsetBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override publicString toString() { return"User [id="+ id +", name="+ name +", birth="+ birth +"]"; } privateintid; @NotEmpty privateString name;
@Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") privateDate birth; } |
3.UserService类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | @Component publicclassUserService { publicUserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); }
publicvoidsave(){ System.out.println("save"); } } |
4.UserController
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | @Controller @RequestMapping("/integrate") publicclassUserController { @Autowired privateUserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/user") publicString saveUser(@RequestBody@ModelAttributeUser u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return"hello"; } } |
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
在Web.xml中添加配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | <!-- configure the springIOC --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="3_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="3"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=xml&k0=xml&kdi0=0&luki=2&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="3_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">xml</span></a></span></param-value> </context-param> |
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="1_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="1"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=type&k0=type&kdi0=0&luki=6&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="1_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">type</span></a></span>="annotation" expression="org.<spanstyle="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"id="2_nwp"><astyle="text-decoration: none;"mpid="2"target="_blank"href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=20&is_app=0&jk=4ecbd49722cc3703&k=spring&k0=spring&kdi0=0&luki=7&mcpm=0&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=337cc2297d4cb4e&ssp2=1&stid=9&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1922429&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6436%2Ehtml&urlid=0"id="2_nwl"><spanstyle="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">spring</span></a></span>framework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filtertype="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> |
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后 springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的 controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
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