NS5A inhibitors:NS5A 抑制剂,可能的作用机制是抑制了病毒诱导的膜网结构的形成,而膜网结构提供了病毒复制的场所。 Figure 1 | HCV life cycle and site of action of DAAs. Virus entry is facilitated by a sequence of events that include particle binding to the cell surface, interactions with proteins at the junction between cells and, ultimately, receptor-mediated endocytosis. The released RNA genome is translated into a single polyprotein. This polyprotein is processed by cellular and viral proteases. Protease inhibitors target the viral NS3 enzyme. RNA replication takes place at the membranous web. NS5A and NS5B inhibitors affect replication at different stages, and NS5A inhibitors also interfere with the assembly process. DAA, direct-acting antiviral agent; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor; RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; SRB1, scavenger receptor class B member 1. PI与NS3/4A结合,阻断NS3/4A蛋白酶活性位点 不同的NNIs结合NS5B不同的thumb位点(thumb I位点和thumb II位点),干扰NS5B构象 NIs结合NS5B活性位点,阻断三磷酸核苷的结合 NS5A inhibitors 与NS5A结合,阻止RNA结合 Figure 2 | Location of resistance-associated amino acid substitutions in relation to drug binding. a | Crystal structure of NS3/4A protease in complex with the protease inhibitor asunaprevir (Protein Data Bank: 4WH6; Soumana, D. I. et al. ACS Chem. Biol. 9, 2485–2490 (2014)). The protease is shown in yellow and the inhibitor in blue. The Arg155Lys (R155K) substitution (red) is located in close proximity to the inhibitor. b | Crystal structure of NS5B (yellow) with primer (cyan), template (green), and the bound inhibitor (blue) sofosbuvir (Protein Data Bank: 4WTC; Appleby, T. C. et al. Science 347, 771–775 (2015)). Amino acids associated with decreased susceptibility to sofosbuvir are shown in red (Ser282) and magenta (Leu159). c | Structure of NS5A in the ‘open’ dimer conformation (left, Protein Data Bank: 1ZH1; Tellinghuisen, T. L. et al. Nature 435, 374–379 (2005)). Monomeric structures are shown in yellow and green. Changes at position Tyr93 (red) are associated with resistance to NS5A inhibitors. NS5A is also shown in a ‘closed’ conformation (right, Protein Data Bank: 3FQM; Love, R. A. et al. J. Virol. 83, 4395–4403 (2009)).