【IT168 专稿】在上一篇文章中,我们学习了Mongodb的安装和初步使用,在本文中,将学习如何使用Java去编程实现对Mongodb的操作。
HelloWorld程序
学习任何程序的第一步,都是编写HelloWorld程序,我们也不例外,看下如何通过Java编写一个HelloWorld的程序。
首先,要通过Java操作Mongodb,必须先下载Mongodb的Java驱动程序,可以在这里下载。
新建立一个Java工程,将下载的驱动程序放在库文件路径下,程序代码如下:
packagecom.mkyong.core;importjava.net.UnknownHostException;importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject;importcom.mongodb.DB;importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;importcom.mongodb.Mongo;importcom.mongodb.MongoException;/*** Java + MongoDB Hello world Example **/publicclassApp {publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {try{//实例化Mongo对象,连接27017端口Mongo mongo=newMongo("localhost",27017);//连接名为yourdb的数据库,假如数据库不存在的话,mongodb会自动建立DB db=mongo.getDB("yourdb");//Get collection from MongoDB, database named "yourDB"//从Mongodb中获得名为yourColleection的数据集合,如果该数据集合不存在,Mongodb会为其新建立DBCollection collection=db.getCollection("yourCollection");//使用BasicDBObject对象创建一个mongodb的document,并给予赋值。BasicDBObjectdocument=newBasicDBObject(); document.put("id",1001); document.put("msg","hello world mongoDB in Java");//将新建立的document保存到collection中去collection.insert(document);//创建要查询的documentBasicDBObject searchQuery=newBasicDBObject(); searchQuery.put("id",1001);//使用collection的find方法查找documentDBCursor cursor=collection.find(searchQuery);//循环输出结果while(cursor.hasNext()) { System.out.println(cursor.next()); } System.out.println("Done"); }catch(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch(MongoException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
最后,输出的结果为:
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dbe5596dceace565d229dc3"} ,"id":1001,"msg":"hello world mongoDB in Java"} Done
在上面的例子中,演示了使用Java对Mongodb操作的重要方法和步骤,首先通过创建Mongodb对象,传入构造函数的参数是Mongodb的数据库所在地址和端口,然后使用
getDB方法获得要连接的数据库名,使用getCollection获得数据集合的名,然后通过新建立BasicDBObject对象去建立document,最后通过collection的insert方法,将建立的document保存到数据库中去。而collection的find方法,则是用来在数据库中查找document。
从Mongodb中获得collection数据集
在Mongodb中,可以通过如下方法获得数据库中的collection:
DBCollection collection=db.getCollection("yourCollection");
如果你不知道collection的名称,可以使用db.getCollectionNames()获得集合,然后再遍历,如下:
DB db=mongo.getDB("yourdb"); Set collections=db.getCollectionNames();for(String collectionName : collections){ System.out.println(collectionName); }
完成的一个例子如下:
packagecom.mkyong.core;importjava.net.UnknownHostException;importjava.util.Set;importcom.mongodb.DB;importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;importcom.mongodb.Mongo;importcom.mongodb.MongoException;/*** Java : Get collection from MongoDB **/publicclassGetCollectionApp {publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {try{ Mongo mongo=newMongo("localhost",27017); DB db=mongo.getDB("yourdb"); Setcollections=db.getCollectionNames();for(String collectionName : collections) { System.out.println(collectionName); } DBCollection collection=db.getCollection("yourCollection"); System.out.println(collection.toString()); System.out.println("Done");
}catch(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch(MongoException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Mongodb中如何插入数据
下面,讲解下如何使用4种方式,将JSON数据插入到Mongodb中去。首先我们准备JSON
格式的数据,如下:
{"database":"mkyongDB","table":"hosting","detail": { records :99, index :"vps_index1", active :"true"} } }
我们希望用不同的方式,通过JAVA代码向Mongodb插入以上格式的JSON数据
第一种方法,是使用BasicDBObject,方法如下代码所示:
BasicDBObject document=newBasicDBObject(); document.put("database","mkyongDB"); document.put("table","hosting"); BasicDBObject documentDetail=newBasicDBObject(); documentDetail.put("records","99"); documentDetail.put("index","vps_index1"); documentDetail.put("active","true"); document.put("detail", documentDetail); collection.insert(document);
第二种方法是使用BasicDBObjectBuilder对象,如下代码所示:
BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder=BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add("database","mkyongDB") .add("table","hosting"); BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail=BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add("records","99") .add("index","vps_index1") .add("active","true"); documentBuilder.add("detail", documentBuilderDetail.get()); collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());
第三种方法是使用Map对象,代码如下:
Map documentMap=newHashMap(); documentMap.put("database","mkyongDB"); documentMap.put("table","hosting"); Map documentMapDetail=newHashMap(); documentMapDetail.put("records","99"); documentMapDetail.put("index","vps_index1"); documentMapDetail.put("active","true"); documentMap.put("detail", documentMapDetail); collection.insert(newBasicDBObject(documentMap));
第四种方法,也就是最简单的,即直接插入JSON格式数据
String json="{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',"+"'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}"; DBObject dbObject=(DBObject)JSON.parse(json); collection.insert(dbObject);
这里使用了JSON的parse方法,将解析后的JSON字符串转变为DBObject对象后再直接插入到collection中去。
完整的代码如下所示:
packagecom.mkyong.core; importjava.net.UnknownHostException; importjava.util.HashMap; importjava.util.Map; importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject; importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObjectBuilder; importcom.mongodb.DB; importcom.mongodb.DBCollection; importcom.mongodb.DBCursor; importcom.mongodb.DBObject; importcom.mongodb.Mongo; importcom.mongodb.MongoException; importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;/*** Java MongoDB : Insert a Document **/publicclass InsertDocumentApp { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){try{ Mongo mongo=newMongo("localhost",27017); DB db=mongo.getDB("yourdb");//get a single collectionDBCollection collection=db.getCollection("dummyColl");//BasicDBObject exampleSystem.out.println("BasicDBObject example..."); BasicDBObject document=newBasicDBObject(); document.put("database","mkyongDB"); document.put("table","hosting"); BasicDBObject documentDetail=newBasicDBObject(); documentDetail.put("records","99"); documentDetail.put("index","vps_index1"); documentDetail.put("active","true"); document.put("detail", documentDetail); collection.insert(document); DBCursor cursorDoc=collection.find();while(cursorDoc.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDoc.next()); } collection.remove(newBasicDBObject());//BasicDBObjectBuilder exampleSystem.out.println("BasicDBObjectBuilder example..."); BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder=BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add("database","mkyongDB") .add("table","hosting"); BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail=BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add("records","99") .add("index","vps_index1") .add("active","true"); documentBuilder.add("detail", documentBuilderDetail.get()); collection.insert(documentBuilder.get()); DBCursor cursorDocBuilder=collection.find();while(cursorDocBuilder.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDocBuilder.next()); } collection.remove(newBasicDBObject());//Map exampleSystem.out.println("Map example..."); Map documentMap=newHashMap(); documentMap.put("database","mkyongDB"); documentMap.put("table","hosting"); Map documentMapDetail=newHashMap(); documentMapDetail.put("records","99"); documentMapDetail.put("index","vps_index1"); documentMapDetail.put("active","true"); documentMap.put("detail", documentMapDetail); collection.insert(newBasicDBObject(documentMap)); DBCursor cursorDocMap=collection.find();while(cursorDocMap.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDocMap.next()); } collection.remove(newBasicDBObject());//JSON parse exampleSystem.out.println("JSON parse example..."); String json="{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',"+"'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}"; DBObject dbObject=(DBObject)JSON.parse(json); collection.insert(dbObject); DBCursor cursorDocJSON=collection.find();while(cursorDocJSON.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDocJSON.next()); } collection.remove(newBasicDBObject()); }catch(UnknownHostException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(MongoException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
更新Document
假设如下的JSON格式的数据已经保存到Mongodb中去了,现在要更新相关的数据。
{"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostA","type":"vps","clients":1000} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostB","type":"dedicated server","clients":100} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostC","type":"vps","clients":900}
假设现在要将hosting中值为hostB的进行更新,则可以使用如下的方法:
BasicDBObject newDocument=newBasicDBObject(); newDocument.put("hosting","hostB"); newDocument.put("type","shared host"); newDocument.put("clients",111); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("hosting","hostB"), newDocument);
可以看到,这里依然使用了BasicDBObject对象,并为其赋值了新的值后,然后使用collection的update方法,即可更新该对象。
更新后的输出如下:
{"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostA","type":"vps","clients":1000} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostB","type":"shared host","clients":111} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostC","type":"vps","clients":900}
另外,还可以使用mongodb中的$inc修饰符号去对某个值进行更新,比如,要将hosting值为hostB的document的clients的值得更新为199(即100+99=199),可以这样:
BasicDBObject newDocument=newBasicDBObject().append("$inc",newBasicDBObject().append("clients",99)); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("hosting","hostB"), newDocument);
则输出如下:
{"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostA","type":"vps","clients":1000} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostB","type":"dedicated server","clients":199} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostC","type":"vps","clients":900}
接下来,讲解$set修饰符的使用。比如要把hosting中值为hostA的document中的
type的值进行修改,则可以如下实现:
BasicDBObject newDocument3=newBasicDBObject().append("$set",newBasicDBObject().append("type","dedicated server")); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("hosting","hostA"), newDocument3);
则输出如下,把type的值从vps改为dedicated server:
{"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostB","type":"dedicated server","clients":100} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostC","type":"vps","clients":900} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostA","clients":1000,"type":"dedicated server"}
要注意的是,如果不使用$set的修饰符,而只是如下代码:
BasicDBObject newDocument3=newBasicDBObject().append("type","dedicated server"); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("hosting","hostA"), newDocument3);
则会将所有的三个document的type类型都改为dedicated server了,因此要使用$set以更新特定的document的特定的值。
如果要更新多个document中相同的值,可以使用$multi,比如,要把所有vps为type的document,将它们的clients的值更新为888,可以如下实现:
BasicDBObject updateQuery=newBasicDBObject().append("$set",newBasicDBObject().append("clients","888")); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("type","vps"), updateQuery,false,true);
输出如下:
{"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostA","clients":"888","type":"vps"} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostB","type":"dedicated server","clients":100} {"_id": {"$oid":"x"} ,"hosting":"hostC","clients":"888","type":"vps"}
最后,还是给出更新document的完整例子:
packagecom.liao;importjava.net.UnknownHostException;importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject;importcom.mongodb.DB;importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;importcom.mongodb.Mongo;importcom.mongodb.MongoException; publicclass UpdateDocumentApp { publicstaticvoid printAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){ DBCursor cursor=collection.find();while(cursor.hasNext()) { System.out.println(cursor.next()); } } publicstaticvoid removeAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){ collection.remove(newBasicDBObject()); } publicstaticvoid insertDummyDocuments(DBCollection collection){ BasicDBObject document=newBasicDBObject(); document.put("hosting","hostA"); document.put("type","vps"); document.put("clients",1000); BasicDBObject document2=newBasicDBObject(); document2.put("hosting","hostB"); document2.put("type","dedicated server"); document2.put("clients",100); BasicDBObject document3=newBasicDBObject(); document3.put("hosting","hostC"); document3.put("type","vps"); document3.put("clients",900); collection.insert(document); collection.insert(document2); collection.insert(document3); } publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {try{ Mongo mongo=newMongo("localhost",27017); DB db=mongo.getDB("yourdb"); DBCollection collection=db.getCollection("dummyColl"); System.out.println("Testing 1..."); insertDummyDocuments(collection);//find hosting = hostB, and update it with new documentBasicDBObject newDocument=newBasicDBObject(); newDocument.put("hosting","hostB"); newDocument.put("type","shared host"); newDocument.put("clients",111); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("hosting","hostB"), newDocument); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println("Testing 2..."); insertDummyDocuments(collection); BasicDBObject newDocument2=newBasicDBObject().append("$inc",newBasicDBObject().append("clients",99)); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("hosting","hostB"), newDocument2); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println("Testing 3..."); insertDummyDocuments(collection); BasicDBObject newDocument3=newBasicDBObject().append("$set",newBasicDBObject().append("type","dedicated server")); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("hosting","hostA"), newDocument3); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println("Testing 4..."); insertDummyDocuments(collection); BasicDBObject updateQuery=newBasicDBObject().append("$set",newBasicDBObject().append("clients","888")); collection.update(newBasicDBObject().append("type","vps"), updateQuery,false,true); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println("Done"); }catch(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch(MongoException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
查询Document
下面学习如何查询document,先用下面的代码往数据库中插入1-10数字:
for(inti=1; i<=10; i++){ collection.insert(newBasicDBObject().append("number", i));
}
接下来,看下如下的例子:
1) 获得数据库中的第一个document:
DBObject doc=collection.findOne(); System.out.println(dbObject);
输出为:
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd"} ,"number":1}
2)获得document的集合
DBCursor cursor=collection.find();while(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
这里,使用collection.find()方法,获得当前数据库中所有的documents对象集合
然后通过对DBCursor对象集合的遍历,即可输出当前所有documents。输出如下:
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd"} ,"number":1}//..........中间部分省略,为2到9的输出{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6"} ,"number":10}
3) 获取指定的document
比如要获得number=5的document对象内容,可以使用collection的find方法即可,如下:
BasicDBObject query=newBasicDBObject(); query.put("number",5); DBCursor cursor=collection.find(query);while(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
即输出:
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c1"} ,"number":5}
4) 使用in操作符号
在mongodb中,也可以使用in操作符,比如要获得number=9和number=10的document对象,可以如下操作:
BasicDBObject query=newBasicDBObject(); List list=newArrayList(); list.add(9); list.add(10); query.put("number",newBasicDBObject("$in", list)); DBCursor cursor=collection.find(query);while(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
这里使用了一个List,并将list传入到BasicDBObject的构造函数中,并使用了in操作符号,输出如下:
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5"} ,"number":9} {"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6"} ,"number":10}
5) 使用>,
在mongodb中,也可以使用比如>,5的document集合,则使用“$gt”即可,同理,小于关系则使用$lt,例子如下:
BasicDBObject query=newBasicDBObject(); query.put("number",newBasicDBObject("$gt",5)); DBCursor cursor=collection.find(query);while(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
输出如下:
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c2"} ,"number":6} {"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c3"} ,"number":7} {"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c4"} ,"number":8} {"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5"} ,"number":9} {"_id": {"$oid":"4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6"} ,"number":10} 也可以多个比较符号一起使用,比如要输出number>5和number<8的document,则如下: BasicDBObject query=newBasicDBObject(); query.put("number",newBasicDBObject("$gt",5).append("$lt",8)); DBCursor cursor=collection.find(query);while(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
同样,如果是不等于的关系的话,可以使用$ne操作符,如下:
BasicDBObject query5=newBasicDBObject(); query5.put("number",newBasicDBObject("$ne",8)); DBCursor cursor6=collection.find(query5);while(cursor6.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor6.next()); }
以上输出number=8之外的所有document。
删除document
下面我们学习如何删除document,依然以上面的已插入的1-10的documents集合为例说明:
1) 删除第一个document
DBObject doc=collection.findOne(); collection.remove(doc);
2) 删除指定的document
比如删除number=2的document,如下方法:
BasicDBObject document=newBasicDBObject(); document.put("number",2); collection.remove(document);
要注意的是,如下的方法将只会删除number=3的document。
BasicDBObject document=newBasicDBObject(); document.put("number",2); document.put("number",3); collection.remove(document);
3) 使用in 操作符号指定删除document
下面的例子将同时删除number=4和number=5的document,使用的是in操作符
BasicDBObject query2=newBasicDBObject(); List list=newArrayList(); list.add(4); list.add(5); query2.put("number",newBasicDBObject("$in", list)); collection.remove(query2);
4) 使用“$gt”删除大于某个值的document
BasicDBObject query=newBasicDBObject(); query.put("number",newBasicDBObject("$gt",9)); collection.remove(query);
以上会删除number=10的document。
5) 删除所有的document
DBCursor cursor=collection.find();while(cursor.hasNext()){ collection.remove(cursor.next()); }
保存图片到Mongodb
下面将讲解如何使用Java MongoDB GridFS API去保存图片等二进制文件到Monodb,关于Java MongoDB GridFS API的详细论述,请参考http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Specification
1)保存图片
代码段如下:
String newFileName="mkyong-java-image"; File imageFile=newFile("c:\\JavaWebHosting.png"); GridFS gfsPhoto=newGridFS(db,"photo"); GridFSInputFile gfsFile=gfsPhoto.createFile(imageFile); gfsFile.setFilename(newFileName); gfsFile.save();
这里,将c盘下的JavaWebHosting.png保存到mongodb中去,并命名为mkyong-java-image。
2) 读取图片信息
代码段如下
String newFileName="mkyong-java-image"; GridFS gfsPhoto=newGridFS(db,"photo"); GridFSDBFile imageForOutput=gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName); System.out.println(imageForOutput);
将会输出JSON格式的结果;
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc9511a14a7d017fee35746"} ,"chunkSize":262144,"length":22672,"md5":"1462a6cfa27669af1d8d21c2d7dd1f8b","filename":"mkyong-java-image","contentType":null,"uploadDate": {"$date":"2011-05-10T14:52:10Z"} ,"aliases":null}
可以看到,输出的是文件的属性相关信息。
3) 输出已保存的所有图片
下面代码段,输出所有保存在photo命名空间下的图片信息:
GridFS gfsPhoto=newGridFS(db,"photo"); DBCursor cursor=gfsPhoto.getFileList();while(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
4) 从数据库中读取一张图片并另存
下面的代码段,从数据库中读取一张图片并另存为另外一张图片到磁盘中
String newFileName="mkyong-java-image"; GridFS gfsPhoto=newGridFS(db,"photo"); GridFSDBFile imageForOutput=gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName); imageForOutput.writeTo("c:\\JavaWebHostingNew.png");
5) 删除图片
String newFileName="mkyong-java-image"; GridFS gfsPhoto=newGridFS(db,"photo"); gfsPhoto.remove(gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName));
如何将JSON数据格式转化为DBObject格式
在mongodb中,可以使用com.mongodb.util.JSON类,将JSON格式的字符串转变为DBObject对象。MongoDB for JAVA驱动中提供了用于向数据库中存储普通对象的接口DBObject,当一个文档从MongoDB中取出时,它会自动把文档转换成DBObject接口类型,要将它实例化为需要的对象。比如:
{'name':'mkyong','age':30}
这样的JSON格式字符串,转换方法为:
DBObject dbObject=(DBObject) JSON.parse("{'name':'mkyong', 'age':30}");
完整的代码如下:
packagecom.mkyong.core; importjava.net.UnknownHostException; importcom.mongodb.DB; importcom.mongodb.DBCollection; importcom.mongodb.DBCursor; importcom.mongodb.DBObject; importcom.mongodb.Mongo; importcom.mongodb.MongoException; importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;/*** Java MongoDB : Convert JSON data to DBObject **/publicclass App { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){try{ Mongo mongo=newMongo("localhost",27017); DB db=mongo.getDB("yourdb"); DBCollection collection=db.getCollection("dummyColl"); DBObject dbObject=(DBObject) JSON .parse("{'name':'mkyong', 'age':30}"); collection.insert(dbObject); DBCursor cursorDoc=collection.find();while(cursorDoc.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDoc.next()); } System.out.println("Done"); }catch(UnknownHostException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(MongoException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
则输出为:
{"_id": {"$oid":"4dc9ebb5237f275c2fe4959f"} ,"name":"mkyong","age":30}
Done
可以看到,将JSON格式的数据类型直接转换为mongodb中的文档类型并输出。
小结:
本文学习了如何使用Mongodb for JAVA驱动,对mongodb进行日常的数据库操作,比如增加,删除和修改,下一篇教程中,将指导学习Spring对mongodb的操作