GOF给出的定义为:提供一种方法访问一个容器(container)对象中各个元素,而又不需暴露该对象的内部细节。
Iterator模式就是分离了集合对象的遍历行为,抽象出一个迭代器类来负责,这样既可以做到不暴露集合的内部结构,又可让外部代码透明的访问集合内部的数据。
迭代器模式由以下角色组成:
1) 迭代器角色(Iterator):迭代器角色负责定义访问和遍历元素的接口。
2) 具体迭代器角色(Concrete Iterator):具体迭代器角色要实现迭代器接口,并要记录遍历中的当前位置。
3) 容器角色(Container):容器角色负责提供创建具体迭代器角色的接口。
4) 具体容器角色(Concrete Container):具体容器角色实现创建具体迭代器角色的接口——这个具体迭代器角色于该容器的结构相关。
.Net集合类中有大量该模式的实现。当然我们也可以自己实现Iterator模式,以下是个简单的例子:
using System;
using System.Collections;
public class Person
{
public Person(string fName, string lName)
{
this.firstName = fName;
this.lastName = lName;
}
public string firstName;
public string lastName;
}
public class People : IEnumerable
{
private Person[] _people;
public People(Person[] pArray)
{
_people = new Person[pArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
{
_people[i] = pArray[i];
}
}
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
return new PeopleEnum(_people);
}
}
public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator
{
public Person[] _people;
// Enumerators are positioned before the first element
// until the first MoveNext() call.
int position = -1;
public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)
{
_people = list;
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
position++;
return (position < _people.Length);
}
public void Reset()
{
position = -1;
}
public object Current
{
get
{
try
{
return _people[position];
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
}
}
class App
{
static void Main()
{
Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3]
{
new Person("John", "Smith"),
new Person("Jim", "Johnson"),
new Person("Sue", "Rabon"),
};
People peopleList = new People(peopleArray);
foreach (Person p in peopleList)
Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);
}
}
/* This code produces output similar to the following:
*
* John Smith
* Jim Johnson
* Sue Rabon
*
*/
在.NET2.0下面,由于有了yield return关键字,实现起来将更加的简单优雅。下面我们把刚才的例子在2.0下重新实现一遍:
public class Person
{
public Person(string fName, string lName)
{
this.firstName = fName;
this.lastName = lName;
}
public string firstName;
public string lastName;
}
public class People : IEnumerable
{
private Person[] _people;
public People(Person[] pArray)
{
_people = new Person[pArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
{
_people[i] = pArray[i];
}
}
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
foreach (Person item in _people)
{
yield return item;
}
}
}
关于yield return关键字的详解, 可以参考:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/9k7k7cf0.aspx
总之, 迭代器模式是为容器而生。