Windows 2003故障恢复

本文深入探讨了Windows操作系统的故障恢复策略,包括故障恢复控制台的使用、Automated System Recovery(ASR)的备份与恢复流程,以及针对启动问题的解决方法。特别关注了AD(Active Directory)的三种恢复方式:非强制还原、强制还原和主要还原,提供了详细的步骤指导。

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只有当你真正体验一次Windows无法启动,而你又束手无策时,你才会真正理解制定故障恢复策略的重要性。在本Blog中我将主要讨论Windows操作系统和AD的故障恢复策略。

1、故障恢复控制台

What is 故障恢复控制台?
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/library/TechRef/004ad222-a8d0-4b9d-bf8d-756a6428a2da.mspx
Recovery Console is particularly useful if you need to repair your system by copying a file from a floppy disk or CD-ROM to your hard disk, or if you need to reconfigure a service that is preventing your computer from starting properly.


如何安装故障恢复控制台、如何通过Windows CD-ROM启动故障恢复控制台
How To Use the Recovery Console on a Windows Server 2003-Based Computer That Does Not Start
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/326215/en-us
注意:从以上KB可以知道登录故障控制台的密码是Administrator的密码: Note Recovery Console uses the Administrator password that you configured when you installed Windows Server 2003. Changes that you make to the Administrator password after you install Windows Server 2003 do not apply to Recovery Console.

HOW TO:使管理员能够自动登录到故障恢复控制台
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;zh-cn;312149

实战
HOW TO: Replace a Driver By Using Recovery Console in Windows Server 2003
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;816104

2、Automated System Recovery
 Microsoft recommends that you regularly create Automated System Recovery (ASR) sets as part of an overall plan for system recovery so that you are prepared if the system fails. ASR should be a last resort for system recovery. Use ASR only after you have exhausted other options. For example, you should first try Safe Mode Boot and Last Known Good.

ASR is a two-part system; it includes ASR backup and ASR restore. The ASR Wizard, located in Backup, does the backup portion. The wizard backs up the system state, system services, and all the disks that are associated with the operating system components. ASR also creates a file that contains information about the backup, the disk configurations (including basic and dynamic volumes), and how to perform a restore.

You can access the restore portion by pressing F2 when prompted in the text-mode portion of setup. ASR reads the disk configurations from the file that it creates. It restores all the disk signatures, volumes, and partitions on (at a minimum) the disks that you need to start the computer. ASR will try to restore all the disk configurations, but under some circumstances it might not be able to. ASR then installs a simple installation of Windows and automatically starts a restoration using the backup created by the ASR Wizard.
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;818903

Make sure you have the following items before you begin the recovery procedure:

Your previously created Automated System Recovery (ASR) floppy disk.

Your previously created backup media.

The original operating system installation CD.


http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/winxppro/maintain/asr.mspx


3、 How to troubleshoot startup problems in Windows Server 2003
这篇KB内容比较全面,讲的内容包括:
How to Start the Computer by Using the Last Known Good Configuration
How to Start the Computer in Safe Mode
How to Use System Configuration Utility(主要讲msinfo32和msconfig)
How to Use Automated System Recovery (记得在2000中的紧急修复盘吗,现在叫做ASR)
How to Use the Microsoft Windows Recovery Console

4、示例: How to troubleshoot the "NTLDR is missing" error message in Windows Server 2003

5、AD恢复
AD的恢复包括3种形式:
nonauthoratative restore 非强制还原
authoratative restore:强制还原 将域控制器还原到备份时的状态,同时可以恢复不小心删除的对象,而非强制还原做不到这一点,因为域控制器之间会相互复制,当被删除对象恢复时,由于它的版本比较低,所以很快还是会被删除
primary restore:主要还原 如果整个域内的所有域控制器都出现故障,还原第一台域控制器时,使用此还原

非强制还原过程
1)重新启动Windows ,按F8并选择目录恢复模式
2)使用Windows Backup恢复系统状态
3)重新启动

强制还原
过程与非强制还原类似只是在重新启动前执行dsutil命令
c:\ntdsutil
ntdsutil: authoratative restore
authoratative restore : restore subtree ou=业务部,dc=abc,dc=com

标准还原
与非强制还原类似,只是在使用backup时,点高级按钮,并选择 “当还原复制的数据集时,将还原的数据作为所有副本的主要数据”

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/chinapro/archive/2005/08/25/222289.html

BCDautofix V1.0.5 [ vista/2008/win7 启动菜单自动修复工具 ] 帮助文档 最新版本请关注:http://www.brsbox.com/chzhlh 程序适用范围: 1、格式化或GHOST活动分区(C盘)重装系统后添加修复其它分区上的Vista/2008/Win7启动菜单 2、在Vista/2008/Win7上新装2000/xp/2003后添加修复原Vista/2008/Win7启动菜单 简化出先vista/2008/win7后装2000/xp/2003多系统最简解决方案:2000/xp/2003光盘引导直接装至其它分区,完成后运行本程序修复即可 3、修复其他因BCD相关引起的故障 a.BCD引起的win7/2008r2的修复计算机(Windows Recovery Environment)菜单丢失 b.BCD引起的win7/2008r2的3D启动画面丢失(变成VISTA滚动条启动画面) c.BCD引起的启动菜单选择界面乱码现象 d.为VISTA/2008添加修复计算机(Windows Recovery Environment)菜单,使用方法:在系统盘符中新建recovery文件夹,再把光盘或安装程序中的sources\boot.wim(这个文件是否改名为winre.wim随意)和boot\boot.sdi两个文件复制至recovery文件夹,再运行本程序,即可自动添加。 e.不明原因的启动菜单丢失 090412更新: f.系统BCD非法的强制修复,现象:VISTA/2008/WIN7中-- 运行msconfig后“启动”(BOOT)栏空白 管理员身份运行命令提示符中后运行bcdedit等和BCD相关的操作提示出错 系统属性的“启动和故障恢复”窗口无法配置“默认操作系统”和等待时间 其它软件无法添加BCD管理的新启动菜单 注:这种情况是否要强制修复自行决定。 使用方法: 非安装软件,直接运行,可运行于32位和64位系统和WINPE系统。程序以盘符形式搜索系统,因此得确保你要添加的系统分区别被隐含盘符。U盘版PE时请确保PE中C盘是本地硬盘盘符而不是U盘盘符 090416:增加支持繁体中文系统 090417(v1.0.0):修正一些处理流程,改版本号V1.0 090616(v1.0.3):细微修改/改打包方式 090711(v1.0.4):修正2000/xp/2003中运行时不对适用范围f的检测,新增对U盘版PE的支持 090716(v1.0.5):修正v1.0.4在PE中运行时的一个小错误。 可以添加修复Vista/2008/Win7启动菜单,在满足条件的情况下也可以添加修复2000/xp/2003启动菜单。例如可以在xp中运行添加其它分区的vista启动菜单,自动生成xp+vista多系统启动菜单,反过来在vista中运行添加xp的启动菜单就需要满足xp的三个必要引导文件(ntldr/ntdetect.com/boot.ini)已存在活动分区且活动分区不被隐藏盘符的情况才会添加(当xp菜单不符合条件而无法添加时,如xp菜单已在原多系统菜单中存在,不会影响已存在的xp启动菜单项)。 程序正确运行后,如果有原始BCD启动配置,将备份在c:\autofix下,以bcdbackup1命名方式,多次运行则数字累加.c:\autofix下的autofix.log是程序运行纪录文件.纪录文件内容仅供参考。
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