作者: Stephen Walther
原文地址:http://msdn.microsoft.com/asp.net/default.aspx?pull=/library/en-us/dnvs05/html/UserProfiles.asp
译者:Tony Qu
概要:许多ASP.NET应用程序需要跨访问的用户属性跟踪功能,在ASP.NET1.1中,我们只能人工实现这一功能。但如今,使用 ASP.NET 2.0的Profile对象,这个过程变得异常简单。Stephen Walther将验证该对象,并向你展示如何使用Profile来跟踪用户属性、创建一个购物篮,及其他一些例子。
总目录
介绍
User Profile总揽
定义User Profile
使用Profile组
使用复杂的Profile属性
继承一个Profile
迁移匿名Profile设置
配置Profile Provider
管理Profiles并生成Profile报告
总结
相关书籍
Microsoft ASP.NET 2.0支持被称为Profile的新对象,它可以自动在多个Web应用程序的访问之间存储用户信息。一个User Profile中可以存储各种类型的信息,这些信息既可以是简单的string和integer类型,也可以是复杂的自定义类型。例如,你可以存储用户的姓、购物篮、用户属性或网站使用情况统计。
本文中,你将学习如何在一个应用中定义user profile。我们也会向你演示如何配置使用不同provider的profile。最后,你将学习如何管理和生成user profile的报告。
User Profiles总揽
Profile 对象与Session对象十分相似,但是更好用一些。与Session相似的地方在于,Profile是相对于一个特定的用户的,也就是说,每个Web应用程序的用户都有他们自己的profile对象。与Session不同的是,Profile对象是持久对象。如果你向Session中添加一个项,在你离开网站时,该项就会消失。而Profile则完全不同,当你修改Profile的状态时,修改在多个访问之间均有效。
profile使用provider模式来存储信息,默认情况下,user profile的内容会保存在SQL Server Express数据库中,该数据库位于网站的App_Data目录。然而,在本文的后半部分,你将了解如何使用其他数据提供者(data provider)来存储信息,如完整版的SQL Server中的一个数据库或者一个Oracle数据库。
与Session不同,Profile是强类型的,Session对象仅仅是一个项集合而已,而profile对象则有强类型属性。
使用强类型是有它的道理的。例如,使用强类型,你就可以在Microsoft Visual Web Developer中使用智能感知技术,当你键入Profile和一个点的时候,智能感知会弹出你已经定义过的profile属性列表。
定义user profile
你既可以在machine.config中,也可以在web.config中定义一个user profile,由于你不能在应用程序的二级目录中创建一个包含文件profile节的web.config文件,这意味着你将无法在一个应用程序中定义两个以上的profile。
在列表1的web.config中,列举了一个简单的profile定义的实例,该profile有三个属性,FirstName, LastName和PageVisits。
表1
<
configuration
>
<
system
.web
>
<
authentication
mode
="Forms"
/>
<
anonymousIdentification
enabled
="true"
/>
<
profile
>
<
properties
>
<
add
name
="FirstName"
defaultValue
="??"
allowAnonymous
="true"
/>
<
add
name
="LastName"
defaultValue
="??"
allowAnonymous
="true"
/>
<
add
name
="PageVisits"
type
="Int32"
allowAnonymous
="true"
/>
</
properties
>
</
profile
>
</
system.web
>
</
configuration
>
由于该profile需要同时被匿名用户和已认证用户使用,因此我们在web.config文件中增加包含一个< anonymousIdentification>元素,有了这个元素,系统就会自动为匿名用户生成唯一的ID。仔细看的话我们会发现,每一个 profile属性都有一个allowAnonymous特性,该特性表明这个profile属性是否允许被匿名用户使用。
默认的profile属性类型是System.String类型。列表1中,由于没有为FirstName和LastName这两个profile属性增加type特性,那么系统默认它们是string类型,而PageVisits属性则指定了type特性为Int32,因此该profile属性可用于表示一个整型值。
最后,注意FirstName和LastName属性都有defaultValue特性。你可以为简单的数据类型设置defaultValue特性,但你不能为复杂类型设置defaultValue特性。
当你定义好一个profile之后,系统会自动在下一次页面被调用时,生成一个与该profile相对应的类。这个类会被保存在"Temporary ASP.NET Files Directory"目录(该目录也用于存放用于动态生成页面的类)。你可以使用HttpContext的Profile属性(Property)调用该类。
当你定义好一个profile后,你可以使用如下方法为profile属性赋值。
[Visual Basic .NET]
Profile.FirstName
=
"
Bill
"
[C#]
Profile.FirstName
=
"
Bill
"
;
任何在web.config中定义的profile属性都会在Profile对象中呈现。
列表2演示了你该如何使用profile来持久化保存用户信息。这个页显示了FirstName,LastName, PageVisits三个属性的值,同时它包含了一个能够用于修改这三个属性的表单(form)。在Page_Load中更新PageVisits的值,这意味着每一次刷新页面,PageVisits的值都会改变。

图1 使用简单的profile
列表
2
. Simple.aspx (Visual Basic .NET)
<
%@ Page Language
=
"
VB
"
%
>
<
script runat
=
"
server
"
>


Sub Page_Load()
Sub Page_Load()
Profile.PageVisits += 1
End Sub

Sub UpdateProfile()
Sub UpdateProfile(ByVal s As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
Profile.FirstName = txtFirstName.Text
Profile.LastName = txtLastName.Text
End Sub
</
script
>

<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Simple
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
form id
=
"
form1
"
runat
=
"
server
"
>
<
b
>
Name:
</
b
>
<
%
=
Profile.FirstName %
>
<
%
=
Profile.LastName %
>
<
br
/>
<
b
>
Page Visits:
</
b
>
<
%
=
Profile.PageVisits %
>
<
hr
/>
<
b
>
First Name:
</
b
>
<
asp:TextBox ID
=
"
txtFirstName
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
<
br
/>
<
b
>
Last Name:
</
b
>
<
asp:TextBox ID
=
"
txtLastName
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
<
br
/>
<
asp:Button
Text
=
"
Update Profile
"
OnClick
=
"
UpdateProfile
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
/>

</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
列表
2
. Simple.aspx (C#)
<%
@ Page Language
=
"
C#
"
%>
<
script runat
=
"
server
"
>


void
Page_Load()
{
Profile.PageVisits ++;
}

void
UpdateProfile(Object s, EventArgs e)
{
Profile.FirstName = txtFirstName.Text;
Profile.LastName = txtLastName.Text;
}
</
script
>

<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Simple
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
form id
=
"
form1
"
runat
=
"
server
"
>
<
b
>
Name:
</
b
>
<%=
Profile.FirstName
%>
<%=
Profile.LastName
%>
<
br
/>
<
b
>
Page Visits:
</
b
>
<%=
Profile.PageVisits
%>
<
hr
/>
<
b
>
First Name:
</
b
>
<
asp:TextBox ID
=
"
txtFirstName
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
<
br
/>
<
b
>
Last Name:
</
b
>
<
asp:TextBox ID
=
"
txtLastName
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
<
br
/>
<
asp:Button ID
=
"
Button1
"
Text
=
"
Update Profile
"
OnClick
=
"
UpdateProfile
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
/>

</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
如果你多次访问列表2中的页面,你会注意到PageVisits在不断增大。如果你关闭的浏览器,并在一周之后调用该页面,PageVisits属性仍然会保留原值。从这一点可以看出Profile为每个用户自动保存一个副本。
使用Profile组
尽管你仅可以为一个应用程序定义一个profile,但如果你需要让几个profile属性一起工作,把它们放在组中,会让你觉得它们更易管理。
例如,在列表3中,有一个带有两个组的profile,这两个组分别是Address和Preferences
列表3. Web.Config
<
configuration
>
<
system
.web
>
<
anonymousIdentification
enabled
="true"
/>
<
profile
>
<
properties
>
<
group
name
="Address"
>
<
add
name
="Street"
allowAnonymous
="true"
/>
<
add
name
="City"
allowAnonymous
="true"
/>
</
group
>
<
group
name
="Preferences"
>
<
add
name
="ReceiveNewsletter"
type
="Boolean"
defaultValue
="false"
allowAnonymous
="true"
/>
</
group
>
</
properties
>
</
profile
>
</
system.web
>
</
configuration
>
当你用组来定义
profile
时,你应该使用组名来设置或读取
profile
属性。例如,在列表
3
中,你可以使用以下一些句子来完成三个
profile
属性的赋值。
[Visual Basic .NET]
Profile.Address.City
=
"
Modesto
"
Profile.Address.Street
=
"
111 King Arthur Ln
"
Profile.Preferences.ReceiveNewsletter
=
False
[C#]
Profile.Address.City
=
"
Modesto
"
;
Profile.Address.Street
=
"
111 King Arthur Ln
"
;
Profile.Preferences.ReceiveNewsletter
=
false
;
一个profile的定义只能包含一层组,换句话说,你不能把其他的组放在一个profile组的下面一层。
使用复杂的profile属性
到目前为止,我们已经介绍了声明包含简单类型(如string或整型)属性的profile,其实你也可以在profile中声明复杂属性。
举个例子,假设你现在需要在profile中存储一个购物篮,如果这样做的话,你就可以在每次访问网站时获得自己的购物篮。
列表4 声明了一个包含profile,这个profile包含一个名为ShoppingCart的属性,而该属性的type特性是一个叫ShoppingCart的类(我们接下来会创建该类),该类名是有效的。
我们还会注意到,该声明中包含一个serializeAs特性,该特性可以帮助ShoppingCart使用二进制序列化器(binary serializer)进行持久化,而不是使用xml序列化器。
列表4 Web.config

<
configuration
>
<
system
.web
>

<
anonymousIdentification
enabled
="true"
/>
<
profile
>
<
properties
>
<
add
name
="ShoppingCart"
type
="ShoppingCart"
serializeAs
="Binary"
allowAnonymous
="true"
/>
</
properties
>
</
profile
>
</
system.web
>
</
configuration
>
列表5 中有一个简单购物篮的实现代码,该购物篮拥有添加和删除项(item)的方法(method),同时它还拥有两个属性(property),一个是用于获得该购物篮中的所有项的,一个是用于表示所有商品的总价的。
列表5 ShoppingCart (Visual Basic.NET)

Imports
Microsoft.VisualBasic

<
Serializable()
>
_

Public
Class ShoppingCart
Class ShoppingCart
Public _CartItems As New Hashtable()

' Return all the items from the Shopping Cart

Public ReadOnly Property CartItems()Property CartItems() As ICollection
Get
Return _CartItems.Values
End Get
End Property

' The sum total of the prices

Public ReadOnly Property Total()Property Total() As Decimal
Get
Dim sum As Decimal
For Each item As CartItem In _CartItems.Values
sum += item.Price * item.Quantity
Next
Return sum
End Get
End Property

' Add a new item to the shopping cart

Public Sub AddItem()Sub AddItem(ByVal ID As Integer, _
ByVal Name As String, ByVal Price As Decimal)
Dim item As CartItem = CType(_CartItems(ID), CartItem)
If item Is Nothing Then
_CartItems.Add(ID, New CartItem(ID, Name, Price))
Else
item.Quantity += 1
_CartItems(ID) = item
End If
End Sub

' Remove an item from the shopping cart

Public Sub RemoveItem()Sub RemoveItem(ByVal ID As Integer)
Dim item As CartItem = CType(_CartItems(ID), CartItem)
If item Is Nothing Then
Return
End If
item.Quantity -= 1
If item.Quantity = 0 Then
_CartItems.Remove(ID)
Else
_CartItems(ID) = item
End If
End Sub

End Class

<
Serializable()
>
_

Public
Class CartItem
Class CartItem

Private _ID As Integer
Private _Name As String
Private _Price As Decimal
Private _Quantity As Integer = 1


Public ReadOnly Property ID()Property ID() As Integer
Get
Return _ID
End Get
End Property


Public ReadOnly Property Name()Property Name() As String
Get
Return _Name
End Get
End Property


Public ReadOnly Property Price()Property Price() As Decimal
Get
Return _Price
End Get
End Property


Public Property Quantity()Property Quantity() As Integer
Get
Return _Quantity
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)
_Quantity = value
End Set
End Property


Public Sub New()Sub New(ByVal ID As Integer, _
ByVal Name As String, ByVal Price As Decimal)
_ID = ID
_Name = Name
_Price = Price
End Sub
End Class
列表5 ShoppingCart (c#)

using
System;
using
System.Collections;

[Serializable]
public
class
ShoppingCart

{
public Hashtable _CartItems = new Hashtable();

// Return all the items from the Shopping Cart
public ICollection CartItems

{

get
{ return _CartItems.Values; }
}

// The sum total of the prices
public decimal Total

{
get

{
decimal sum = 0;
foreach (CartItem item in _CartItems.Values)
sum += item.Price * item.Quantity;
return sum;
}
}

// Add a new item to the shopping cart
public void AddItem(int ID, string Name, decimal Price)

{
CartItem item = (CartItem)_CartItems[ID];
if (item == null)
_CartItems.Add(ID, new CartItem(ID, Name, Price));
else

{
item.Quantity++;
_CartItems[ID] = item;
}
}

// Remove an item from the shopping cart
public void RemoveItem(int ID)

{
CartItem item = (CartItem)_CartItems[ID];
if (item == null)
return;
item.Quantity--;
if (item.Quantity == 0)
_CartItems.Remove(ID);
else
_CartItems[ID] = item;
}

}

[Serializable]
public
class
CartItem

{
private int _ID;
private string _Name;
private decimal _Price;
private int _Quantity = 1;

public int ID

{

get
{ return _ID; }
}

public string Name

{

get
{ return _Name; }
}

public decimal Price

{

get
{ return _Price; }
}

public int Quantity

{

get
{ return _Quantity; }

set
{ _Quantity = value; }
}

public CartItem(int ID, string Name, decimal Price)

{
_ID = ID;
_Name = Name;
_Price = Price;
}
}
如果你把列表5中的代码添加到应用程序的App_Code目录中,购物篮会自动被编译。
在列表5中有一点值得注意,那就是ShoppingCart和CartItem类都加上了可序列化的特性,这一点对于他们能否被序列化十分重要,只有这样才能保存在Profile对象中。
最后,列表6的页面显示了可以被添加到购物篮中的产品。购物篮是通过BindShoppingCart方法从Profile对象中载入,该方法把购物篮中的对象绑定到一个GridView对象上,这些对象可以通过ShoppingCart类的CartItems属性获得。

图2 在profile中存储购物篮
AddCartItem方法用于在购物篮中添加一个产品,该方法中包含了检测Profile是否存在ShoppingCart的代码。对于Profile中存储的对象,你必须自己实例化这些对象,他们不会自动实例化。
RemoveCartItem方法用于从购物篮中移除一个产品,该方法只是简单地通过调用Profile中的ShoppingCart对象的RemoveItem方法。
列表
6
-
Products.aspx (Visual Basic .NET)

<
%@ Page Language
=
"
VB
"
%
>

<
script runat
=
"
server
"
>


Sub Page_Load()
Sub Page_Load()
If Not IsPostBack Then
BindShoppingCart()
End If
End Sub

Sub BindShoppingCart()
Sub BindShoppingCart()
If Not Profile.ShoppingCart Is Nothing Then
CartGrid.DataSource = Profile.ShoppingCart.CartItems
CartGrid.DataBind()
lblTotal.Text = Profile.ShoppingCart.Total.ToString("c")
End If
End Sub

Sub AddCartItem()
Sub AddCartItem(ByVal s As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
Dim row As GridViewRow = ProductGrid.SelectedRow

Dim ID As Integer = CInt(ProductGrid.SelectedDataKey.Value)
Dim Name As String = row.Cells(1).Text
Dim Price As Decimal = CDec(row.Cells(2).Text)
If Profile.ShoppingCart Is Nothing Then
Profile.ShoppingCart = New ShoppingCart
End If
Profile.ShoppingCart.AddItem(ID, Name, Price)
BindShoppingCart()
End Sub

Sub RemoveCartItem()
Sub RemoveCartItem(ByVal s As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
Dim ID As Integer = CInt(CartGrid.SelectedDataKey.Value)
Profile.ShoppingCart.RemoveItem(ID)
BindShoppingCart()
End Sub
</
script
>

<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Products
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
form id
=
"
form1
"
runat
=
"
server
"
>

<
table width
=
"
100%
"
>
<
tr
>
<
td valign
=
"
top
"
>
<
h2
>
Products
</
h2
>
<
asp:GridView
ID
=
"
ProductGrid
"
DataSourceID
=
"
ProductSource
"
DataKeyNames
=
"
ProductID
"
AutoGenerateColumns
=
"
false
"
OnSelectedIndexChanged
=
"
AddCartItem
"
ShowHeader
=
"
false
"
CellPadding
=
"
5
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
>
<
Columns
>
<
asp:ButtonField
CommandName
=
"
select
"
Text
=
"
Buy
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
ProductName
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
UnitPrice
"
DataFormatString
=
"
{0:c}
"
/>
</
Columns
>
</
asp:GridView
>



<
asp:SqlDataSource
ID
=
"
ProductSource
"
ConnectionString
=
"
Server=localhost;Database=Northwind;Trusted_Connection=true;
"
SelectCommand
=
"
SELECT ProductID,ProductName,UnitPrice FROM Products
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
</
td
>
<
td valign
=
"
top
"
>
<
h2
>
Shopping Cart
</
h2
>
<
asp:GridView
ID
=
"
CartGrid
"
AutoGenerateColumns
=
"
false
"
DataKeyNames
=
"
ID
"
OnSelectedIndexChanged
=
"
RemoveCartItem
"
CellPadding
=
"
5
"
Width
=
"
300
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
>
<
Columns
>
<
asp:ButtonField
CommandName
=
"
select
"
Text
=
"
Remove
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
Name
"
HeaderText
=
"
Name
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
Price
"
HeaderText
=
"
Price
"
DataFormatString
=
"
{0:c}
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
Quantity
"
HeaderText
=
"
Quantity
"
/>
</
Columns
>
</
asp:GridView
>
<
b
>
Total:
</
b
>
<
asp:Label ID
=
"
lblTotal
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
</
table
>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
列表
6
. Products.aspx (C#)

<%
@ Page Language
=
"
C#
"
%>
<%
@ Import Namespace
=
"
System.Globalization
"
%>
<
script runat
=
"
server
"
>


void
Page_Load()
{
if (!IsPostBack)
BindShoppingCart();
}
void
BindShoppingCart()

{
if (Profile.ShoppingCart != null)

{
CartGrid.DataSource = Profile.ShoppingCart.CartItems;
CartGrid.DataBind();
lblTotal.Text = Profile.ShoppingCart.Total.ToString("c");
}
}
void
AddCartItem(Object s, EventArgs e)

{
GridViewRow row = ProductGrid.SelectedRow;

int ID = (int)ProductGrid.SelectedDataKey.Value;
String Name = row.Cells[1].Text;
decimal Price = Decimal.Parse(row.Cells[2].Text,
NumberStyles.Currency);
if (Profile.ShoppingCart == null)
Profile.ShoppingCart = new ShoppingCart();
Profile.ShoppingCart.AddItem(ID, Name, Price);
BindShoppingCart();
}
void
RemoveCartItem(Object s, EventArgs e)

{
int ID = (int)CartGrid.SelectedDataKey.Value;
Profile.ShoppingCart.RemoveItem(ID);
BindShoppingCart();
}
</
script
>

<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Products
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
form id
=
"
form1
"
runat
=
"
server
"
>

<
table width
=
"
100%
"
>
<
tr
>
<
td valign
=
"
top
"
>
<
h2
>
Products
</
h2
>
<
asp:GridView
ID
=
"
ProductGrid
"
DataSourceID
=
"
ProductSource
"
DataKeyNames
=
"
ProductID
"
AutoGenerateColumns
=
"
false
"
OnSelectedIndexChanged
=
"
AddCartItem
"
ShowHeader
=
"
false
"
CellPadding
=
"
5
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
>
<
Columns
>
<
asp:ButtonField
CommandName
=
"
select
"
Text
=
"
Buy
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
ProductName
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
UnitPrice
"
DataFormatString
=
"
{0:c}
"
/>
</
Columns
>
</
asp:GridView
>



<
asp:SqlDataSource
ID
=
"
ProductSource
"
ConnectionString
=
"
Server=localhost;Database=Northwind;Trusted_Connection=true;
"
SelectCommand
=
"
SELECT ProductID,ProductName,UnitPrice FROM Products
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
</
td
>
<
td valign
=
"
top
"
>
<
h2
>
Shopping Cart
</
h2
>
<
asp:GridView
ID
=
"
CartGrid
"
AutoGenerateColumns
=
"
false
"
DataKeyNames
=
"
ID
"
OnSelectedIndexChanged
=
"
RemoveCartItem
"
CellPadding
=
"
5
"
Width
=
"
300
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
>
<
Columns
>
<
asp:ButtonField
CommandName
=
"
select
"
Text
=
"
Remove
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
Name
"
HeaderText
=
"
Name
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
Price
"
HeaderText
=
"
Price
"
DataFormatString
=
"
{0:c}
"
/>
<
asp:BoundField
DataField
=
"
Quantity
"
HeaderText
=
"
Quantity
"
/>
</
Columns
>
</
asp:GridView
>
<
b
>
Total:
</
b
>
<
asp:Label ID
=
"
lblTotal
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
/>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
</
table
>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
继承一个profile
你也可以通过从一个已经存在的profile类中继承一个profile来完成对profile的定义,这种特性能够帮助你在多个应用程序中使用相同的profile。
例如,列表7中列出了一个拥有多个用户属性的类,该类是从ProfileBase类继承而来的(你可以在System.Web.Profile中找到)
在列表8中的Web.config包含一个从UserInfo类继承而来的profile,通过该声明,新的profile可以获得UserInfo类的所有属性。
列表
7
. UserInfo (Visual Basic .NET)

Imports
Microsoft.VisualBasic
Imports
System.Web.Profile


Public
Class UserInfo
Class UserInfo
Inherits ProfileBase

Private _FirstName As String
Private _LastName As String


Public Property FirstName()Property FirstName() As String
Get
Return _FirstName
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
_FirstName = value
End Set
End Property


Public Property LastName()Property LastName() As String
Get
Return _LastName
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
_LastName = value
End Set
End Property

End Class
列表
7
. UserInfo (C#)

using
System;
using
System.Web.Profile;
public
class
UserInfo : ProfileBase
{ private string _FirstName; private string _LastName; public string FirstName
{ get
{ return _FirstName; } set
{ _FirstName = value; } } public string LastName
{ get
{ return _LastName; } set
{ _LastName = value; } }}

using
System;
using
System.Web.Profile;

public
class
UserInfo : ProfileBase

{
private string _FirstName;
private string _LastName;

public string FirstName

{

get
{ return _FirstName; }

set
{ _FirstName = value; }
}
public string LastName

{

get
{ return _LastName; }

set
{ _LastName = value; }
}
}
列表 8. Web.Config

<
configuration
>
<
system
.web
>
<
anonymousIdentification
enabled
="true"
/>
<
profile
inherits
="UserInfo"
/>
</
system.web
>
</
configuration
>
迁移匿名Profile设置
Profile对象既可用于匿名用户也可以用于已认证用户。然而,当用户从匿名用户状态转换为已认证用户状态时,Profile对象能够以一种令人难以理解的方式完成任务。
当匿名用户使用Profile对象时,用户profile是与一个随机生成的号码相关联的,该号码是根据每个用户唯一生成的,它保存在浏览器的cookie中,无论何时该用户返回应用程序,该用户的Profile设置会被自动加载。
如果匿名用户通过认证的话,所有与该用户相关的profile就会丢失,同时系统会生成一个新的profile。这时该Profile信息将与用户名相关联,而非唯一识别号。
要想理解所有这些工作,最好的方法就是看看下面的例子。列表9中的web.config定义了一个profile,该profile只有一个FavoriteColor属性。
列表 9 Web.config

<
configuration
>
<
system
.web
>

<
authentication
mode
="Forms"
/>
<
anonymousIdentification
enabled
="true"
/>
<
profile
>
<
properties
>
<
add
name
="FavoriteColor"
allowAnonymous
="true"
defaultValue
="Red"
/>
</
properties
>
</
profile
>
</
system.web
>
</
configuration
>