rstudio导入数据_将数据导入r的不同方法

rstudio导入数据

I have completed two courses at DataCamp that introduced me to the concept of importing data into R. There are numerous ways to import the data. I would like to discuss in detail some of the methods that I learned in the course. Let’s get started.

我已经在DataCamp完成了两门课程，向我介绍了将数据导入R的概念。有很多方法可以导入数据。 我想详细讨论我在本课程中学到的一些方法。 让我们开始吧。

Data can come from many sources. Some of the most common ones are

数据可以来自许多来源。 一些最常见的是

• Flat Files — CSV, txt, tsv, etc
  平面文件-CSV，txt，tsv等
• Data from Excel
  来自Excel的数据
• DataBases — Postgresql, Mysql, etc
  数据库-Postgresql，Mysql等
• Web
  网页
• Statistical Softwares — SAS, SPSS, STATA
  统计软件-SAS，SPSS，STATA

平面文件 (Flat-Files)

What is a flat-file?

什么是平面文件？

According to Wikipedia, A flat-file database is a database stored in a file called a flat-file. Records follow a uniform format, and there are no structures for indexing or recognizing relationships between records. The file is simple. A flat file can be a plain text file or a binary file.

根据Wikipedia的说法， 平面文件数据库是存储在称为Flat文件的文件中的数据库。 记录遵循统一的格式，并且没有索引或识别记录之间关系的结构。 该文件很简单。 平面文件可以是纯文本文件或二进制文件。

Listed below are some of the packages that will help you to deal while working with the Flat-Files in R.

下面列出了一些软件包，可以帮助您在使用R中的Flat-Files时进行处理。

UTIL

UTIL

This package is loaded by default when you load R.

默认情况下，在加载R时会加载此软件包。

• read.table(): Main function. Reads a file in table format and creates a data frame from it. It offers many arguments to classify the incoming data.

  read.table() ：主要功能。 读取表格式的文件并从中创建数据框。 它提供了许多参数来分类传入的数据。

• read.csv(): Wrapper function for read.table(). Used to read comma-separated (CSV) files.

  read.csv() ：read.table()的包装函数。 用于读取逗号分隔(CSV)文件。

• read.delim(): Wrapper Function used to read tab-separated files. read.delim() is used if the numbers in your file use periods(.) as decimals.

  read.delim() ：包装函数，用于读取制表符分隔的文件。 如果文件中的数字使用点号(。)作为小数，则使用read.delim()。

• read.csv2() : read.csv() and read.csv2() are identical. The only difference is that they are set up depending on whether you use periods or commas as decimal points in numbers.

  read.csv2() ：read.csv()和read.csv2()相同。 唯一的区别是，它们的设置取决于您使用句点还是逗号作为数字的小数点。

• read.delim2() : read.delim2 is used when the numbers in your file use commas(,) as decimals.

  read.delim2() ：当文件中的数字使用逗号(，)作为小数时，将使用read.delim2。

read.csv() function read.csv()函数的输出

Specialized Packages

专业套餐

readr

阅读器

This package makes our life easier. It is fast, convenient, and more efficient than the utils package. I tend to use this always.

这个包裹使我们的生活更轻松。 它比utils包更快，更方便且更高效。 我倾向于总是使用它。

read_r supports seven file formats with seven functions:

read_r支持具有七个功能的七种文件格式：

• read_csv(): comma-separated (CSV) files

  read_csv() ：逗号分隔(CSV)文件

• read_tsv(): tab-separated files

  read_tsv() ：制表符分隔的文件

• read_delim(): general delimited files

  read_delim() ：常规定界文件

• read_fwf(): fixed-width files