ab实验方法_用梦想控制实验的新方法

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By Sarah Beckmann | MIT Media Lab

莎拉·贝克曼| 麻省理工学院媒体实验室

Device not only helps record dream reports, but also guides dreams toward particular themes.

该设备不仅可以帮助记录梦想报告，还可以将梦想引导到特定主题。

The study of dreams has entered the modern era in exciting ways, and researchers from MIT and other institutions have created a community dedicated to advancing the field, lending it legitimacy and expanding further research opportunities.

梦的研究以令人兴奋的方式进入了现代时代，麻省理工学院和其他机构的研究人员创建了一个致力于推动该领域，使其具有合法性并扩大进一步研究机会的社区。

In a new paper, researchers from the Media Lab’s Fluid Interfaces group introduce a novel method called “Targeted Dream Incubation” (TDI). This protocol, implemented through an app in conjunction with a wearable sleep-tracking sensor device, not only helps record dream reports, but also guides dreams toward particular themes by repeating targeted information at sleep onset, thereby enabling incorporation of this information into dream content. The TDI method and accompanying technology serve as tools for controlled experimentation in dream study, widening avenues for research into how dreams impact emotion, creativity, memory, and beyond.

在一篇新论文中 ，媒体实验室流体接口小组的研究人员介绍了一种称为“ 目标梦想孵化 ”(TDI)的新颖方法。 该协议通过应用程序与可穿戴式睡眠跟踪传感器设备结合实现，不仅有助于记录梦境报告，而且还可以通过在睡眠开始时重复目标信息来将梦境引导到特定主题，从而将这些信息整合到梦境内容中。 TDI方法和相关技术可作为梦研究中受控实验的工具，拓宽了研究梦如何影响情感，创造力，记忆力及其他方面的途径。

The paper, “Dormio: A Targeted Dream Incubation Device,” is co-authored by lead researcher Adam Haar Horowitz and professor of media arts and sciences Pattie Maes, who is also head of the Fluid Interfaces group. Additional authors on the paper are Tony J. Cunningham, postdoc at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, and Robert Stickgold, director of the Center for Sleep and Cognition at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.

论文“ Dormio：针对性的梦想孵化设备”由首席研究员Adam Haar Horowitz和媒体艺术与科学教授Pattie Maes共同撰写，后者也是流体接口小组的负责人。 该论文的其他作者是贝斯以色列女执事医学中心和哈佛医学院的博士后Tony J.Cunningham，以及贝斯以色列女执事医学中心睡眠与认知中心主任兼哈佛医学院精神病学教授罗伯特·斯蒂格戈德。

Previous neuroscience studies from researchers such as sleep and cognitive sciences expert Stickgold show that hypnagogia (the earliest sleep stage) is similar to the REM stage in terms of brainwaves and experience; however, unlike REM, individuals can still hear audio during hypnagogia while they dream.

先前来自睡眠和认知科学专家Stickgold等研究人员的神经科学研究表明，就脑电波和经验而言，催眠(最早的睡眠阶段)与REM阶段相似。 但是，与REM不同，个人在做梦时仍然可以在催眠过程中听到声音。

“This state of mind is trippy, loose, flexible, and divergent,” explains Haar Horowitz. “It’s like turning the notch up high on mind-wandering and making it immersive — being pushed and pulled with new sensations like your body floating and falling, with your thoughts quickly snapping in and out of control.”

Haar Horowitz解释说：“这种心态充满迷茫，松散，灵活和分歧。” “这就像是在徘徊的思维上将缺口调高并使之身临其境–像身体的漂浮和跌落之类的新感觉被推拉时，您的思想会Swift陷入或失控。”

To facilitate the TDI protocol, an interdisciplinary team at the Media Lab designed and developed Dormio, a sleep-tracking device that can alter dreams by tracking hypnagogia and then delivering audio cues based on incoming physiological data, at precise times in the sleep cycle, to make dream direction possible. Upon awakening, a person’s guided dream content can be used to complete tasks such as creative story writing, and compared experimentally to waking thought content.

为了促进TDI协议，媒体实验室的跨学科团队设计并开发了 多尔米奥 ，一种睡眠跟踪设备，可以通过跟踪催眠状态，然后根据传入的生理数据在睡眠周期中的准确时间传递音频提示来改变梦想，从而实现梦想的方向。 唤醒后，可以将一个人的梦想梦境内容用于完成诸如创作故事的任务，并通过实验将其与唤醒思想内容进行比较。

“Dormio takes dream research to a new level, interacting directly with an individual’s dreaming brain and manipulating the actual content of their dreams,” says Stickgold. “The potential value of Dormio for enhancing learning and creativity are literally mind-blowing.”

Stickgold说：“ Dormio将梦想研究提高到一个新水平，可以直接与个人的梦想大脑互动，并操纵他们梦想的实际内容。” “ Dormio增强学习和创造力的潜在价值令人难以置信。”

The Media Lab team’s first pilot study using Dormio demonstrated dream incubation and creativity augmentation in six people, and was presented alt.CHI in 2018. Multiple scientists began reaching out to the team expressing interest in replicating the dream-control research. These requests led to the first Dream Engineering workshop, which was held at the Media Lab in January 2019, organized by Maes, Haar Horowitz, and Judith Amores from the Fluid Interfaces group, and Michelle Carr, visiting researcher from the University of Rochester Sleep and Neurophysiology Laboratory. The workshop brought together many of the world’s leading dream researchers, including pioneers such as Deirdre Barrett, Bjorn Rasch, Ken Paller, and Stephen LaBerge, to brainstorm new technologies for studying, recording, and influencing dreams.

媒体实验室团队使用Dormio进行的首个试点研究在6个人中展示了梦想孵化和创造力的增强，并于2018年提交给alt.CHI。多位科学家开始与该团队接触，表示有兴趣复制梦想控制研究。 这些要求催生了第一个梦想工程研讨会，该研讨会于2019年1月在媒体实验室举行，由流体界面小组的Maes，Haar Horowitz和Judith Amores以及罗切斯特大学(University of Rochester)的访问学者Michelle Carr组织神经生理学实验室。 该研讨会汇集了许多世界领先的梦想研究人员，包括Deirdre Barrett，Bjorn Rasch，Ken​​ Paller和Stephen LaBerge等先驱，共同集思广益，研究，记录和影响梦想的新技术。

The talks and technologies presented at the workshop further led to a Special Issue on Dream Engineering for the journal Consciousness and Cognition, with Maes, Haar Horowitz, Amores, and Carr serving as guest editors.

研讨会上的演讲和技术进一步导致了《 意识 工程 与认知 》杂志上有关梦想工程的特刊 ，Maes，Haar Horowitz，Amores和Carr担任特邀编辑。

“Most sleep and dream studies have so far been limited to university sleep labs and have been very expensive, as well as cumbersome, for both researchers and participants,” says Maes. “Our research group is excited to be pioneering new, compact, and cheap technologies for studying sleep and interfacing with dreams, thereby opening up opportunities for more studies to happen and for these experiments to take place in natural settings. Apart from benefiting scientists, this work has the potential to lead to new commercial technologies that go beyond sleep tracking to issue interventions that affect sleep onset, sleep quality, sleep-based memory consolidation, and learning.”

梅斯说：“到目前为止，大多数睡眠和梦境研究仅限于大学的睡眠实验室，对研究人员和参与者而言既昂贵又麻烦。” “我们的研究小组很高兴能够开创用于研究睡眠和与梦想联系的新的，紧凑的，廉价的技术，从而为开展更多的研究以及在自然环境中进行这些实验提供了机会。 除了使科学家受益之外，这项工作还可能带来超越睡眠跟踪的新商业技术，从而发出影响睡眠发作，睡眠质量，基于睡眠的记忆巩固和学习的干预措施。”

The research itself is central to Haar Horowitz’s thesis work in the Program of Media Arts and Sciences. This past year, he ran a larger dream study with 50 subjects, which replicated and extended the results of the previous study.

该研究本身对于Haar Horowitz在媒体艺术与科学计划中的论文工作至关重要。 在过去的一年中，他进行了一项涉及50个主题的大型梦想研究，该研究重复并扩展了先前研究的结果。

“We showed that dream incubation is tied to performance benefits on three tests of creativity, by both objective and subjective metrics,” Haar Horowitz states. “Dreaming about a specific theme seems to offer benefits post-sleep, such as on creativity tasks related to this theme. This is unsurprising in light of historical figures like Mary Shelley or Salvador Dalí, who were inspired creatively by their dreams. The difference here is that we induce these creatively beneficial dreams on purpose, in a targeted manner.”

Haar Horowitz说：“通过客观和主观指标，我们发现梦想孵化与创造力的三个方面的绩效收益挂钩。” “在特定主题上做梦似乎会给睡眠后的人们带来好处，例如与该主题相关的创造力任务。 鉴于玛丽·雪莱(Mary Shelley)或萨尔瓦多·达利(SalvadorDalí)这样的历史人物，他们的梦想受到了创造性的启发，这并不奇怪。 此处的区别在于，我们有针对性地有意识地激发了这些创造性的梦想。”

An enhanced Dormio device has now also been built, as well as an analysis platform, streaming platform, an iOS app for audio capture and streaming, and a web app for audio capture, storage, and streaming. These mobile and online platforms allow the TDI method to be shared through a variety of open source technologies.

现在还构建了增强的Dormio设备，以及分析平台，流媒体平台，用于音频捕获和流传输的iOS应用程序以及用于音频捕获，存储和流传输的Web应用程序。 这些移动和在线平台允许通过多种开源技术共享TDI方法。

A number of other universities have likewise begun related Dormio studies; these include Duke University, Boston College, Harvard University, the University of Rochester, and the University of Chicago.

其他许多大学也已经开始了有关Dormio的研究。 其中包括杜克大学，波士顿学院，哈佛大学，罗切斯特大学和芝加哥大学。

The Media Lab research team is also leading collaborations with artists, using dreams to create new artwork and augment artistic creativity. This work, which mixes sleep science and media art, has been shown at the Beijing Biennale and Ars Electronica festival, and a new collaboration with installation artist Carsten Holler looks to create an overnight experimental art piece.

媒体实验室研究团队还领导与艺术家的合作，利用梦想创造新作品并增强艺术创造力。 该作品融合了睡眠科学和媒体艺术，已在北京双年展和Ars Electronica音乐节上展出，与装置艺术家Carsten Holler的新合作旨在创作一夜之间的实验性艺术作品。

The Dormio development team includes researchers Haar Horowitz, Tomás Vega, Ishaan Grover, Pedro Reynolds-Cuéllar, Oscar Rosello, Abhinandan Jain, and Eyal Perry, along with students in the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program Matthew Ha, Christina Chen, and Kathleen Esfahany.

Dormio开发团队包括研究人员Haar Horowitz，TomásVega，Ishaan Grover，PedroReynolds-Cuéllar，Oscar Rosello，Abhinandan Jain和Eyal Perry，以及MIT本科生研究机会计划的学生Matthew Ha，Christina Chen和Kathleen Esfahany。

This post has been published by MIT News and also appears on the Media Lab website.

该帖子已由 MIT新闻发布 ，也出现在 Media Lab网站上 。

翻译自: https://medium.com/mit-media-lab/a-new-way-to-control-experimentation-with-dreams-d0666df15acc

ab实验方法