填充word文档【Apache POI】

关注

原创 2026-09-20 08:00:00 60 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Java使用Apache POI动态生成Word文档实战：模板替换与表格填充在Java后端开发中，动态生成格式规范的Office文档是常见的业务需求，尤其是在报表导出、合同生成等场景。Apache POI作为Java操作Microsoft Office格式文件的开源库，其核心原理是通过解析.docx文件的XML结构，将文档抽象为XWPFDocument、XWPFParagraph、XWPFRun等对象模型进行操作。这项技术的核心价值在于，它允许开发者在服务器端不依赖Office软件的情况下，以编程方式创建、读取和修改Word文档，实现了文档生成的自动化与批量化。通过预先设计包含占位阅读详情

1. 引入依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
      <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>

2. 示例代码

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class TemplateUtils {

    public static void replacePlaceholder(XWPFDocument xwpfDocument, Map<String, String> dataMap) {
        for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : xwpfDocument.getParagraphs()) {
            replacePlaceholder(paragraph, dataMap);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 填充段落中的占位符
     */
    public static void replacePlaceholder(XWPFParagraph paragraph, Map<String, String> dataMap) {
        if (paragraph.getText().contains("$")) {
            for (XWPFRun run : paragraph.getRuns()) {
                String text = run.text();
                System.out.println(text);
                for (String key : dataMap.keySet()) {
                    String placeHolder = "${" + key + "}";
                    if (text.contains(placeHolder)) {
                        text = text.replace(placeHolder, dataMap.get(key));
                        run.setText(text, 0);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    /**
     * 填充表格中的占位符
     */
    public static void replacePlaceholderInTable(XWPFTable table, Map<String, String> dataMap) {
        for (XWPFTableRow row : table.getRows()) {
            for (XWPFTableCell tableCell : row.getTableCells()) {
                for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : tableCell.getParagraphs()) {
                    replacePlaceholder(paragraph, dataMap);
                }
            }
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 准备数据
        Map<String, String> dataMap = prepareData();

        // 加载文件
        String docPath = "src/main/resources/doc/信息表.docx";
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(docPath);
        XWPFDocument xwpfDocument = new XWPFDocument(fileInputStream);

        // 填充段落
        List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = xwpfDocument.getParagraphs();
        System.out.println(paragraphs.size());
        for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
            replacePlaceholder(paragraph, dataMap);
        }

        // 填充表格
        // 表格的每个单元格，也是段落
        List<XWPFTable> tables = xwpfDocument.getTables();
        System.out.println(tables.size());
        for (XWPFTable table : tables) {
            replacePlaceholderInTable(table, dataMap);
        }


        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("src/main/resources/doc/out.docx");
        xwpfDocument.write(fileOutputStream);

        fileOutputStream.close();
        fileInputStream.close();
        xwpfDocument.close();
    }

    private static Map<String, String> prepareData() {
        Map<String, String> dataMap = new HashMap<>();

        dataMap.put("author", "荧");
        dataMap.put("createTime", LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME));


        dataMap.put("name", "Tom");
        dataMap.put("age", "14");
        dataMap.put("gender", "男");
        dataMap.put("birth", "1940-01-01");

        dataMap.put("address", "北京");
        dataMap.put("workAddress", "上海");
        dataMap.put("mobile", "6570123");
        dataMap.put("phone", "13478965412");


        dataMap.put("petName", "jerry");
        dataMap.put("petAge", "10");
        dataMap.put("petGender", "男");
        dataMap.put("petBirth", "1940-01-01");
        return dataMap;
    }

}