ubuntu12.04 搭建ftp服务器

1、安装vsftp

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

2、配置/etc/vsftpd.conf

3、保存退出，重启vsftp服务

sudo service vsftpd restart

创建一个专门用来访问的用户，例如叫“test”：

mkdir -p /home/test
useradd test -g ftp -d /home/test -s /sbin/nologin

设置密码:

passwd test

#禁止匿名访问
anonymous_enable=NO
#接受本地用户
local_enable=YES
#可以上传
write_enable=YES
#启用在chroot_list_file的用户只能访问根目录
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

在/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list添加受访问目录限制的用户：

echo "test" >> /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

安装过程中遇到的一些问题：

“530 Login incorrect”

在 /etc/shells 最后一行添加“/sbin/nologin”

“500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()”

启用了chroot的话，根目录要设置为不可写

chmod a-w /home/test

OK，重启vsftpd之后就可以使用上面新创建的账号访问

打开filezilla连接ftp，显示找不到/etc/vsftpd.userlist，centos里这个文件是/etc/vsftpd/userlist，只好新建/etc/vsftpd.userlist文件，然后把要登录的用户名写进去；再连，显示530错误，没有权限。奇怪，在centos里这么配就已经可以访问了，ubuntu却不行，最后发现，在ubuntu里必须加上chroot_list_enable=YES和chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list。

重新编辑/etc/vsftpd.conf如下：

                listen=YES

                anonymous_enable=NO

                local_enable=YES

                write_enable=YES

                local_umask=022

                xferlog_enable=YES

                xferlog_std_format=YES

                connect_from_port_20=YES

                pam_service_name=vsftpd

                userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list

                chroot_local_user=YES

                chroot_list_enable=YES
                chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

重启vsftp，访问正常。

如果userlist_enable=YES且userlist_deny=NO，则只有vsftpd.user_list中的用户可以访问；当userlist_enable=YES且userlist_deny=YES，则除了vsftpd.user_list中的用户其余用户都可以访问。

如果chroot_local_user=NO 且 chroot_list_enable=YES时，除了chroot_list_file文件指定的用户其余的用户都可以执行chroot；当chroot_local_user=YES 且 chroot_list_enable=YES时，只有chroot_list_file文件中指定的用户可以执行chroot。

vsftpd.conf中的内容

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
#anonymous_enable=YES
anonymous_enable=no
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#secure_chroot_dir=/home/cygps
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem