linux学习总结(2)

1.linux下硬盘管理

   参考博客：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/gongweijiao/article/details/8425629

    事例操作： linux下添加硬盘、对硬盘分区格式化，并挂载这个分区

 （1）首先查看当前硬盘以及分区情况

           [wangchao2@localhost ~]$ ls /dev/sd*
           /dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sda3

 （2）查看自己的linux系统挂载在哪个分区，发现挂载在/dev/sda2下的。

     [wangchao2@localhost ~]$ mount
     /dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
     proc on /proc type proc (rw)
     sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
     devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
     tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
     /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)  
     none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
     vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock                 (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
     /dev/sr0 on /media/VMware Tools type iso9660       (ro,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=500,gid=500,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500)

 命令：sudo fdisk /dev/sda对新增的硬盘进行分区（这里注意了：一定要先查看自己的linux 操作系统挂载在那个分区下，别把自己的linux操作系统所在的分区操作，会导致系统崩溃）

溃）

[wangchao2@localhost superman]$ sudo fdsik /dev/sdb
sudo: fdsik: command not found
[wangchao2@localhost superman]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7a93e30d.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.


Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)


WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').


Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): 2600


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

这时候就创建成功，可以查看新的分区/dev/sdb1

[wangchao2@localhost superman]$ ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sda3  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1

（3）分区完毕后要格式化硬盘才能用，输入：sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 对新增硬盘格式化。

（4）挂载新分区，使得可以被使用，切换到根目录下的/mnt目录设置挂载点：

[wangchao2@localhost mnt]$ mkdir newdisk

[wangchao2@localhost mnt]$ cd newdisk/

[wangchao2@localhost newdisk]$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/newdisk/
[wangchao2@localhost newdisk]$ mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/sr0 on /media/VMware Tools type iso9660 (ro,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=500,gid=500,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500)
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/newdisk type ext4 (rw)#发现多啦一个挂载点

（5）我们可以设置开机启动挂载的设备

[wangchao2@localhost newdisk]$ sudo vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Mar 27 09:34:04 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=5422c01c-df6d-414d-a116-e1cdf544a8dc /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=f91022f5-99ed-4c5b-9275-98ba112942bf /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=c301d46d-92f8-4aec-be9a-fdd2307b1c61 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                     /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1                /mnt/newdisk           ext4      defaults       0 0