初步使用spring mvc
spring mvc的简单介绍
可以看看我的博文：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/water_java/article/details/101283642在这里我稍微做了些改动
spring mvc 环境搭建
pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--替换成-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--这个包里自带了上面那个包-->
spring与spring mvc是无缝衔接的，这是与struts2的区别（struts2与spring 整合是需要桥接包struts2-spring-plugin）
<!--JSTL依赖-->
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>
<tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.0.47</tomcat-jsp-api.version>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>${standard.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version>
</dependency>
xml配置
在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器-->
<!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大，耗时)-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hsl.ssm"/>
<!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
<!--两个bean，这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持，-->
<!--@NumberFormatannotation支持，@DateTimeFormat支持，@Valid支持，读写XML的支持（JAXB），读写JSON的支持（Jackson）-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--3) ViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包：standard.jar and jstl.jar -->
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 -->
<!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>-->
<!--<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>-->
<!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>-->
</beans>
修改web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--此参数可以不配置，默认值为：/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<!--web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步-->
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
我这里把ssm整合的环境也搭好了！
测试
HelloController.java
package com.hsl.ssm.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @author water
* @site www.water.com
* @company xxx公司
* @create 2019-11-22 11:49
*/java
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/say1")
public String say1(){
return "hello";
}
}
hello.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: water
Date: 2019/11/22
Time: 11:54
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World
</body>
</html>
结果：
spring mvc请求服务的流程
可以看看我的博文：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/water_java/article/details/101283642在这里我稍微做了些改动
结合我上面的例子可以帮助理解流程
spring mvc框架的运作原理
1，浏览器请求：http://localhost:8080/say1(dispatcherservlet)
request对象去处理url,可以获取到除去ip+port+项目这一个固定的串，拿到/say1
2,在dispatcherservlet去寻找HandleMapping
HandleMapping:在整个spring上下文寻找了所有的被@requestMappering注解所标记的方法，
如果@requestMappering这个注解里面的值有/say1，那么进行下一步
3，从前面已经能够获取到需要被调用的方法，那么dispatcherservlet就会寻找到handlerAdapt适配器来动态调用方法，然后会出一个结果
4，dispatcherservlet将结果封装成一个modelAndView对象，然后将其返回给viewReslover进行解析
5，viewReslover解析完毕之后，会将对应的视图展现给用户
@RequestMapping("/say2")
public String say2(){
return "hello2";
}
hello.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: water
Date: 2019/11/22
Time: 11:54
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>hello2</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World2
${msg}
</body>
</html>
完成增删改查
常用注解
1 @Controller：用于标识处理器类
2 @RequestMapping：请求到处理器功能方法的映射规则，可定义到类和方法
常用参数：value、method
可将@RequestMapping标签定义到类名处窄化路径
3 @RequestParam：请求参数到处理器功能处理方法的方法参数上的绑定
常用参数：value、required、defaultValue
注：required设置成false的参数类型必须是引用类型，因为基本数据类型是不能为null的
4 @ModelAttribute：请求参数到命令对象的绑定
常用参数：value
4.1 可用@ModelAttribute标注方法参数，方法参数会被添加到Model对象中(作用：向视图层传数据)
4.2 可用@ModelAttribute标注一个非请求处理方法，此方法会在每次调用请求处理方法前被调用(作用：数据初始化)
4.3 可用@ModelAttribute标注方法，方法返回值会被添加到Model对象中(作用：向视图层传数据)
但此方法视图的逻辑图就会根据请求路径解析，例如：a/test42 --> /WEB-INF/a/test42.jsp
太麻烦几乎不用，不用直接保存到Model或ModelAndView中
5 @SessionAttributes：指定ModelMap中的哪些属性需要转存到session
常用参数：value、types
注1：必须放到class类名处
6 @InitBinder(本章暂不介绍)：用于将请求参数转换到命令对象属性的对应类型
7 @RequestBody(重要~~~~~)：用于目前比较流行的ajax开发的数据绑定(即提交数据的类型为json格式)
注1：使用@RequestBody注解的时候，前台的Content-Type必须要改为application/json，
如果没有更改，前台会报错415（Unsupported Media Type）。
后台日志就会报错Content type ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8’ not supported。
这些错误Eclipse下Tomcat是不会显示错误信息的，只有使用了日志才会显示
$.ajax({
url : "jsontest",
type : "POST",
async : true,
contentType : "application/json",
data : JSON.stringify(json),
dataType : 'json',
success : function(data) {
if (data.userstatus === "success") {
$("#errorMsg").remove();
} else {
if ($("#errorMsg").length <= 0) {
$("form[name=loginForm]").append(errorMsg);
}
}
}
});
GoodsService .java
package com.hsl.ssm.service;
import com.hsl.ssm.model.Goods;
import com.hsl.ssm.util.PageBean;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author water
* @site www.water.com
* @company xxx公司
* @create 2019-11-17 11:34
*/
public interface GoodsService {
int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer gId);
int insert(Goods record);
int insertSelective(Goods record);
Goods selectByPrimaryKey(Integer gId);
int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Goods record);
int updateByPrimaryKey(Goods record);
// List<Map> listPage(Map map);
List<Map> listPage(Map map, PageBean pageBean);
List<Map> listPage(Goods goods, PageBean pageBean);
}
GoodsServiceImpl .java
package com.hsl.ssm.service.impl;
import com.hsl.ssm.mapper.GoodsMapper;
import com.hsl.ssm.model.Goods;
import com.hsl.ssm.service.GoodsService;
import com.hsl.ssm.util.PageBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author water
* @site www.water.com
* @company xxx公司
* @create 2019-11-17 11:35
*/
@Service
public class GoodsServiceImpl implements GoodsService {
@Autowired
private GoodsMapper goodsMapper;
@Override
public int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer gId) {
return goodsMapper.deleteByPrimaryKey(gId);
}
@Override
public int insert(Goods record) {
return goodsMapper.insert(record);
}
@Override
public int insertSelective(Goods record) {
return goodsMapper.insertSelective(record);
}
@Override
public Goods selectByPrimaryKey(Integer gId) {
return goodsMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(gId);
}
@Override
public int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Goods record) {
return goodsMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(record);
}
@Override
public int updateByPrimaryKey(Goods record) {
return goodsMapper.updateByPrimaryKey(record);
}
// @Override
// public List<Map> listPage(Map map) {
// return goodsMapper.listPage(map);
// }
@Override
public List<Map> listPage(Map map, PageBean pageBean) {
return goodsMapper.listPage(map);
}
@Override
public List<Map> listPage(Goods goods, PageBean pageBean) {
Map map= new HashMap();
if(goods.getgName()!=null){
map.put("gName","%"+goods.getgName()+"%");
}
// else{
// map.put("gName",goods.getgName());
// }
return goodsMapper.listPage(map);
}
}
GoodsController .java
package com.hsl.ssm.controller;
import com.hsl.ssm.model.Goods;
import com.hsl.ssm.service.GoodsService;
import com.hsl.ssm.util.PageBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author water
* @site www.water.com
* @company xxx公司
* @create 2019-11-22 20:37
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/goods")
public class GoodsController {
@Autowired
private GoodsService goodsService;
@RequestMapping("/list")
public String list(Goods goods,HttpServletRequest request){
PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
pageBean.setRequest(request);
List<Map> maps = goodsService.listPage(goods,pageBean);
request.setAttribute("goodList",maps);
request.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean);
return "goodsList";
}
@RequestMapping("/preSave")
public String preSave(Goods goods,HttpServletRequest request){
if(goods==null || goods.getgId()==null || goods.getgId()==0){
return "goodsEdit";
}
// Map map= goodsService.listPage(goods, null).get(0);
Goods goods1 = goodsService.selectByPrimaryKey(goods.getgId());
request.setAttribute("g",goods1);
return "goodsEdit";
}
@RequestMapping("/add")
public String add(Goods goods){
goodsService.insertSelective(goods);
return "redirect:/goods/list";
}
@RequestMapping("/edit")
public String edit(Goods goods){
goodsService.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(goods);
return "redirect:/goods/list";
}
@RequestMapping("/del/{g_id}")
public String del(@PathVariable("g_id") Integer gid){
goodsService.deleteByPrimaryKey(gid);
return "redirect:/goods/list";
}
}
goodsList.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: water
Date: 2019/11/12
Time: 18:29
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/hsl" prefix="z" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>商品详情页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>商品目录</h2>
<br>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/goods/list"
method="post">
<!-- <input type='hidden' name='rows' value="20"> -->
<!-- <input type='hidden' name='pagination' value="false"> -->
商品名：<input type="text" name="gName">
<input type="submit"
value="确定">
</form>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/goods/preSave">新增</a>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" width="80%">
<tr>
<td>商品ID</td>
<td>商品名称</td>
<td>商品型号</td>
<td>商品批次</td>
<td>商品单位</td>
<td>商品价格</td>
<td>商品备注</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${goodList}" var="g">
<tr>
<td>${g.g_id }</td>
<td>${g.g_name }</td>
<td>${g.g_model}</td>
<td>${g.g_batch }</td>
<td>${g.g_unit }</td>
<td>${g.g_price}</td>
<td>${g.g_remarks}</td>
<td>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/goods/preSave?gId=${g.g_id }">修改</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/goods/del/${g.g_id }">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page>
</div>
</body>
</html>
goodsEdit.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>书籍的编辑页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}${g.gName== null ? '/goods/add':'/goods/edit'}" method="post">
商品ID gid:<input type="text" value="${g.gId }" name="gId"><br>
商品名称 gname:<input type="text" value="${g.gName }" name="gName"><br>
商品型号 gmodel:<input type="text" value="${g.gModel }" name="gModel"><br>
商品批次 gbatch:<input type="text" value="${g.gBatch }" name="gBatch"><br>
商品单位 gunit:<input type="text" value="${g.gUnit }" name="gUnit"><br>
商品单价 gprice:<input type="text" value="${g.gPrice }" name="gPrice"><br>
商品备注 gremarks:<input type="text" value="${g.gRemarks }" name="gRemarks"><br>
<input type="submit" value="ok">
</form>
</body>
</html>
工具类PageTag
package com.hsl.ssm.tag;
import com.hsl.ssm.util.PageBean;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
public class PageTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3609493782238830873L;
private PageBean pageBean;
public PageBean getPageBean() {
return pageBean;
}
public void setPageBean(PageBean pageBean) {
this.pageBean = pageBean;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
try {
out.print(toHTML());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return SKIP_BODY;
}
private String toHTML() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// 拼接下一次分页请求所提交的分页表单
sb.append("<form id='pageBeanForm' action='"+pageBean.getUrl()+"' method='post'>");
sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='page'>");
Map<String, String[]> paMap = pageBean.getPaMap();
if(paMap != null && paMap.size()>0) {
Set<Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = paMap.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) {
for(String value : entry.getValue()) {
if(!"page".equals(entry.getKey()))
sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='"+entry.getKey()+"' value='"+value+"' >");
}
}
}
sb.append("</form>");
// 拼接分页条
sb.append("<div style='text-align: right; font-size: 12px;'>");
sb.append(" 每页"+pageBean.getRows()+"条，共"+pageBean.getTotal()+"条，第"+pageBean.getPage()+"页，共"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"页 <a ");
sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>首页</a> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getPreviousPage()+")'>上一页</a> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getNextPage()+")'>下一页</a> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getMaxPage()+")'>尾页</a> <input type='text'");
sb.append(" id='skipPage'");
sb.append(" style='text-align: center; font-size: 12px; width: 50px;'> <a");
sb.append(" href='javascript:skipPage()'>Go</a>");
sb.append("</div>");
// 拼接分页的javascript代码
sb.append("<script type='text/javascript'>");
sb.append(" function gotoPage(page) {");
sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').page.value = page;");
sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').submit();");
sb.append(" }");
sb.append(" function skipPage() {");
sb.append(" var page = document.getElementById('skipPage').value;");
sb.append(" if(!page || isNaN(page) || parseInt(page)<1 || parseInt(page)>"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"){");
sb.append(" alert('请输入1~N的数字');");
sb.append(" return;");
sb.append(" }");
sb.append(" gotoPage(page);");
sb.append(" }");
sb.append("</script>");
return sb.toString();
}
}
帮助文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>hsl 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>hsl core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>c</short-name>
<uri>/hsl</uri>
<tag>
<!-- 填写的是标签库中的标签名 -->
<name>page</name>
<!-- 标签对应后台助手类 -->
<tag-class>com.hsl.ssm.tag.PageTag</tag-class>
<!-- 标签类别 -->
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<!-- 自定义标签中属性 -->
<name>pageBean</name>
<!-- 属性值是否必填 -->
<required>true</required>
<!-- 是否支持表达式EL表达式/ognl表达式 -->
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--此参数可以不配置，默认值为：/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<!--web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步-->
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFiter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.hsl.ssm.util.EncodingFiter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFiter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc 五种返回值处理情况
1.转发三种
1.1转发到安全目录web_inf下
1.2转发到根目录
1.3转发到requestMapping
2.重定向两种
2.1到根目录
2.2到requestMapping
//转发到安全目录web_inf下
@RequestMapping("/req1")
public String req1(){
System.out.println("转发到安全目录web_inf下");
return "a";
}
//转发到根目录下
@RequestMapping("/req2")
public String req2(){
System.out.println("转发到根目录下");
return "forward:/b.jsp";
}
//转发到requestMapping下
@RequestMapping("/req3")
public String req3(){
System.out.println("转发到requestMapping下");
return "forward:/req2";
}
//重定向到根目录下
@RequestMapping("/red1")
public String red1(){
System.out.println("重定向到根目录下");
return "redirect:/b.jsp";
}
//重定向到requestMapping下
@RequestMapping("/red2")
public String red2(){
System.out.println("重定向到requestMapping下");
return "redirect:/req2";
}
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