3.5 RESOURCE ASSIGNMENT

文章详细解释了CUDA运行时如何在设备上管理线程块,包括线程块如何被分配给流式多处理器(SM),以及SM的资源限制,如同时跟踪的线程数量和每个SM可容纳的块数。这些限制影响了CUDA设备能同时执行的线程总数。
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一旦内核启动,CUDA运行时系统将生成相应的线程网格。正如上一节所讨论的,这些线程被分配给逐个块执行资源。在当前一代硬件中,执行资源被组织成流式多处理器(SM)。图3.12说明可以为每个SM分配多个线程块。每个设备都对可以分配给每个SM的块数量设置限制。例如,让我们考虑一个CUDA设备,该设备可能允许为每个SM分配最多8个块。在同时执行8个块所需的一种或多种资源类型短缺的情况下,CUDA运行时会自动减少分配给每个SM的块数量,直到其合并资源使用量低于限制。由于可以分配给每个SM的SM数量有限,并且可以分配给每个SM的块数量有限,因此可以在CUDA设备中主动执行的块数量也有限。大多数网格包含的块比这个数字多得多。运行时系统维护需要执行的块列表,并在之前分配的块完成执行时将新块分配给SM。
在这里插入图片描述
图3.12显示了为每个SM分配三个线程块的示例。SM资源限制之一是可以同时跟踪和调度的线程数量。SM需要硬件资源(内置寄存器)来维护线程和块索引并跟踪其执行状态。因此,每一代硬件都对可以分配给SM的块数和线程数设置了限制。例如,在Fermi架构中,每个SM最多可以分配8个块和1536个线程。这可以是6个块,每个256个线程,3个块,每个512个线程,以此为由之。如果设备在SM中只允许最多8个块,那么很明显,每个12个128个线程的12个块不是一个可行的选择。如果CUDA设备有30个SM,并且每个SM可以容纳多达1536个线程,则该设备可以同时拥有多达46,080个线程,同时驻留在CUDA设备中进行执行。

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>高级甘特图 - 资源管理与日程分析</title> <script src="https://cdn.dhtmlx.com/gantt/edge/dhtmlxgantt.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.dhtmlx.com/gantt/edge/dhtmlxgantt.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- 引入Chart.js用于数据显示 --> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> html, body { height: 100%; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } .layout { display: flex; height: 100vh; } .sidebar { width: 300px; background: #f5f5f5; border-right: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; overflow-y: auto; } .main-content { flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .toolbar { padding: 10px; background: #f0f0f0; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; display: flex; gap: 10px; } .view-tabs { display: flex; background: #e0e0e0; } .tab { padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; } .tab.active { background: #fff; font-weight: bold; } .gantt-container { flex: 1; } .analysis-panel { padding: 15px; background: #fff; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; max-height: 250px; overflow-y: auto; } .chart-container { height: 200px; margin-top: 10px; } .resource-item { padding: 8px; margin: 5px 0; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; } .resource-item.selected { background: #e3f2fd; border-color: #2196f3; } .resource-load { height: 20px; background: #e0e0e0; border-radius: 10px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: hidden; } .resource-load-bar { height: 100%; background: #4caf50; border-radius: 10px; } .overloaded { background: #f44336; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="layout"> <div class="sidebar"> <h3>资源管理</h3> <div id="resources-list"></div> <button onclick="showAddResourceForm()">添加资源</button> <h3>资源负载</h3> <div id="resource-load-chart" class="chart-container"></div> <h3>项目进度</h3> <div id="progress-analysis"> <div>总任务: <span id="total-tasks">0</span></div> <div>已完成: <span id="completed-tasks">0</span></div> <div>进行中: <span id="inprogress-tasks">0</span></div> <div>未开始: <span id="notstarted-tasks">0</span></div> <div>总体进度: <span id="overall-progress">0%</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="main-content"> <div class="toolbar"> <button onclick="switchView(&#39;gantt&#39;)">甘特图视图</button> <button onclick="switchView(&#39;resources&#39;)">资源视图</button> <button onclick="loadAnalysis()">刷新分析</button> <button onclick="showResourceLoad()">资源负载分析</button> </div> <div class="view-tabs"> <div class="tab active" data-view="gantt">任务视图</div> <div class="tab" data-view="resources">资源分配</div> </div> <div class="gantt-container"> <div id="gantt_here" style=&#39;width:100%; height:100%;&#39;></div> </div> <div class="analysis-panel"> <h4>资源负载分析</h4> <div id="load-analysis-chart" class="chart-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- 添加资源的模态框 --> <div id="resource-modal" style="display:none; position:fixed; top:50%; left:50%; transform:translate(-50%, -50%); background:white; padding:20px; border:1px solid #ccc; z-index:1000;"> <h3>添加资源</h3> <div> <label>名称: <input type="text" id="resource-name"></label> </div> <div> <label>邮箱: <input type="email" id="resource-email"></label> </div> <div> <label>角色: <input type="text" id="resource-role"></label> </div> <div> <label>容量(%): <input type="number" id="resource-capacity" min="1" max="100" value="100"></label> </div> <div> <button onclick="addResource()">保存</button> <button onclick="document.getElementById(&#39;resource-modal&#39;).style.display=&#39;none&#39;">取消</button> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> // 初始化配置 gantt.config.date_format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s"; gantt.config.order_branch = true; gantt.config.order_branch_free = true; gantt.config.work_time = true; // 启用资源管理插件 gantt.plugins({ resource: true }); // 配置资源视图 gantt.config.resource_property = "resources"; gantt.config.resource_store = "resources"; gantt.config.show_resources = true; // 初始化甘特图 gantt.init("gantt_here"); // 配置灯光框(编辑表单)以支持资源分配 gantt.config.lightbox.sections = [ {name: "description", height: 70, map_to: "text", type: "textarea", focus: true}, {name: "time", height: 72, map_to: "auto", type: "duration"}, {name: "resources", height: 50, map_to: "resources", type: "resources", options: gantt.serverList("resources")} ]; // 加载数据 gantt.load("/data"); // 初始化数据处理器 const dp = new gantt.dataProcessor("/data"); dp.init(gantt); dp.setTransactionMode("REST"); // 视图切换 function switchView(viewType) { if (viewType === "resources") { gantt.config.show_resources = true; gantt.render(); } else { gantt.config.show_resources = false; gantt.render(); } } // 加载资源列表 function loadResources() { fetch("/data/resources") .then(response => response.json()) .then(resources => { const list = document.getElementById("resources-list"); list.innerHTML = ""; resources.forEach(resource => { const item = document.createElement("div"); item.className = "resource-item"; item.innerHTML = ` <strong>${resource.name}</strong> (${resource.role}) <div>容量: ${resource.capacity}%</div> <div class="resource-load"> <div class="resource-load-bar" style="width: ${Math.min(resource.capacity, 100)}%"></div> </div> `; item.onclick = () => showResourceDetails(resource.id); list.appendChild(item); }); }); } // 显示添加资源表单 function showAddResourceForm() { document.getElementById("resource-modal").style.display = "block"; } // 添加资源 function addResource() { const name = document.getElementById("resource-name").value; const email = document.getElementById("resource-email").value; const role = document.getElementById("resource-role").value; const capacity = document.getElementById("resource-capacity").value; fetch("/data/resource", { method: "POST", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, body: JSON.stringify({ name, email, role, capacity }) }) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { if (data.action === "inserted") { document.getElementById("resource-modal").style.display = "none"; loadResources(); // 刷新资源列表 gantt.updateCollections(); } }); } // 加载分析数据 function loadAnalysis() { // 加载项目进度分析 fetch("/data/progress-analysis") .then(response => response.json()) .then(analysis => { document.getElementById("total-tasks").textContent = analysis.total_tasks; document.getElementById("completed-tasks").textContent = analysis.completed_tasks; document.getElementById("inprogress-tasks").textContent = analysis.in_progress_tasks; document.getElementById("notstarted-tasks").textContent = analysis.not_started_tasks; document.getElementById("overall-progress").textContent = analysis.overall_progress.toFixed(2) + "%"; }); // 加载资源负载分析 showResourceLoad(); } // 显示资源负载分析 function showResourceLoad() { const today = new Date(); const startDate = new Date(today.getFullYear(), today.getMonth(), 1); const endDate = new Date(today.getFullYear(), today.getMonth() + 1, 0); const formatDate = date => date.toISOString().split(&#39;T&#39;)[0]; fetch(`/data/resource-load?start_date=${formatDate(startDate)}&end_date=${formatDate(endDate)}`) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { renderResourceLoadChart(data); }); } // 渲染资源负载图表 function renderResourceLoadChart(data) { // 这里简化处理,实际应该使用Chart.js创建详细图表 const ctx = document.getElementById(&#39;load-analysis-chart&#39;).getContext(&#39;2d&#39;); // 按资源分组数据 const resources = {}; data.forEach(item => { if (!resources[item.name]) { resources[item.name] = []; } resources[item.name].push({ date: item.date, load: item.assigned_workload }); }); // 创建图表 new Chart(ctx, { type: &#39;bar&#39;, data: { labels: Object.keys(resources), datasets: [{ label: &#39;资源负载&#39;, data: Object.values(resources).map(resource => resource.reduce((sum, day) => sum + day.load, 0) / resource.length ), backgroundColor: Object.values(resources).map(resource => { const avgLoad = resource.reduce((sum, day) => sum + day.load, 0) / resource.length; return avgLoad > 100 ? &#39;#f44336&#39; : &#39;#4caf50&#39;; }) }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true, title: { display: true, text: &#39;负载 (%)&#39; } } } } }); } // 初始化页面 document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { // 加载资源列表 loadResources(); // 加载分析数据 loadAnalysis(); // 设置标签切换 document.querySelectorAll(".tab").forEach(tab => { tab.addEventListener("click", function() { document.querySelectorAll(".tab").forEach(t => t.classList.remove("active")); this.classList.add("active"); switchView(this.getAttribute("data-view")); }); }); // 设置定期刷新 setInterval(loadAnalysis, 60000); // 每分钟刷新一次分析数据 }); </script> </body> </html>const express = require(&#39;express&#39;); const bodyParser = require(&#39;body-parser&#39;); const path = require(&#39;path&#39;); const Promise = require(&#39;bluebird&#39;); require("date-format-lite"); const port = 1337; const app = express(); app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, "public"))); app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); app.use(bodyParser.json()); // 添加JSON解析中间件 // 允许跨域 app.use((req, res, next) => { res.header(&#39;Access-Control-Allow-Origin&#39;, &#39;*&#39;); res.header(&#39;Access-Control-Allow-Headers&#39;, &#39;Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept&#39;); next(); }); 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AND ? GROUP BY r.id, d.date ORDER BY r.id, d.date `, [start_date, start_date, end_date, start_date, end_date]); res.json(resourceLoad); } catch (error) { sendResponse(res, "error", null, error); } }); // 获取项目进度分析 app.get("/data/progress-analysis", async (req, res) => { try { const analysis = await db.query(` SELECT COUNT(*) as total_tasks, SUM(CASE WHEN progress = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as completed_tasks, SUM(CASE WHEN progress > 0 AND progress < 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as in_progress_tasks, SUM(CASE WHEN progress = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as not_started_tasks, AVG(progress) * 100 as overall_progress FROM gantt_tasks WHERE parent = 0 `); res.json(analysis[0]); } catch (error) { sendResponse(res, "error", null, error); } }); // 资源管理API app.get("/data/resources", async (req, res) => { try { const resources = await db.query("SELECT * FROM gantt_resources"); res.json(resources); } catch (error) { sendResponse(res, "error", null, error); } }); app.post("/data/resource", async (req, res) => { try { const { name, email, role, capacity } = req.body; const result = await db.query( "INSERT INTO gantt_resources (name, email, role, capacity) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", [name, email, role, capacity] ); sendResponse(res, "inserted", result.insertId); } catch (error) { sendResponse(res, "error", null, error); } }); app.put("/data/resource/:id", async (req, res) => { try { const { name, email, role, capacity } = req.body; await db.query( "UPDATE gantt_resources SET name = ?, email = ?, role = ?, capacity = ? 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