Python读取XML文件

使用xml.dom解析xml

文件对象模型（Document Object Model，简称DOM），Python中用 xml.dom.minidom来解析 xml 文件。

from xml.dom.minidom import parse
import xml.dom.minidom

几个关键方法

getElementsByTagName
hasAttribute或者getAttribute
childNodes

例如：
root.getElementsByTagName(“A”)，获取标签为A的一组标签。数组索引[0]表示标签中的第1个；
hasAttribute或者getAttribute方法可以判断或者获得元素的属性所对应的值；
childNodes方法是列表，childNodes[0]是节点。

XML示例

<collection shelf="New Arrivals">
<movie title="Enemy Behind">
   <type>War, Thriller</type>
   <format title="storage">
		<material>optical disk</material>
		<price>cheap</price>
		<history>long</history>
   </format>
   <year>2003</year>
   <rating>PG</rating>
   <stars>10</stars>
   <description>Talk about a US-Japan war</description>
</movie>
<movie title="Transformers">
   <type>Anime, Science Fiction</type>
   <format>DVD</format>
   <year>1989</year>
   <rating>R</rating>
   <stars>8</stars>
   <description>A schientific fiction</description>

获取XML指定节点的实现

from xml.dom.minidom import parse
import xml.dom.minidom

DOMTree = xml.dom.minidom.parse(r"movie.xml")
collection = DOMTree.documentElement

movies = collection.getElementsByTagName("movie")

for movie in movies:
    print("-----------Movie-----------")
    if movie.hasAttribute("title"):
        print("Title: %s" % movie.getAttribute("title"))
        formatVar = movie.getElementsByTagName("format")
        if formatVar[0].hasAttribute("title"):          
            materialVar = formatVar[0].getElementsByTagName("material")[0]
            print('material: %s' % materialVar.childNodes[0].data)
            
            priceVar = formatVar[0].getElementsByTagName("price")[0]
            print('price: %s' % priceVar.childNodes[0].data)
            
            historyVar = formatVar[0].getElementsByTagName("history")[0]
            print('history: %s' % historyVar.childNodes[0].data)

效果：

Root element : New Arrivals
-----------Movie-----------
Title: Enemy Behind
material: optical disk
price: cheap
history: long
-----------Movie-----------
Title: Transformers
-----------Movie-----------
Title: Trigun
-----------Movie-----------
Title: Ishtar

参考

https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/sersin39/article/details/107433699