第1题银行终端系统

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-22 15:37:17 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2021-12-22 15:37:17 发布 · 665 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

这篇博客介绍了一个用于银行活期储蓄处理的程序设计，包括储户开户、销户、存款和取款等功能。程序采用链式存储结构，以线性结构组织数据，并通过双链表实现快速查找。此外，还分析了算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度。

一．问题描述

题目 1.小明是一个计算机专业top student，祝贺他毕业了。并准备到银行参加工作。上班第一天，经理叫他编制一个实现一个活期储蓄处理程序，算作考查。上班第一天，一定要给领导一个好印象，小明二话没说，就答应了。现要你是小明了，请完成如下题目功能。储户开户、销户、存入、支出活动频繁，系统设计要求：（1）能比较迅速地找到储户的帐户，以实现存款、取款记账；

二．问题分析

根据问题，首先解决用户的存储问题，用一个简单方便的方法存储储户的信息；再者开始寻找销户和存入及支出的问题，这些问题都设计到一些平常的操作，类似于删除和修改值（使用流程控制语句）

及查找。

三．逻辑结构和存储结构设计

逻辑结构：线性结构。是一一对应的关系，一个储户对应一个结构体。

存储结构：采用链式存储结构。使用双链表能方便找到每个结点的前驱和后继，每个结点都是储户的信息。

四．算法设计

用头文件定义结点，该结点存放储户信息，

#ifndef ACCOUNT_H

#define ACCOUNT_H

#include <string>

using std::string;

struct Account

{

string Name;

string Sex;

string Identity;

string Number;

string Password; //(密码)

long long Money;

Account *pre, *next;

Account(string, string, string, string,long long);

Account(string, string, string, string, long long, bool);

//为了方便建立头尾结点的时候可以录入一个空的账户，

//用布尔类型来区分建立的是头尾结点或者是账户结点

头文件定义区别头结点和尾结点以及客户结点的函数

#include "Account.h"

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Account::Account

(string name, string sex, string identity, string password,long long money) :

Name(name), Sex(sex), Identity(identity),

Number(Identity), Password(password), Money(money),

pre(nullptr), next(nullptr)

{

system("cls");

cout << "开户成功" << endl;

cout << "姓名：" << Name << endl;

cout << "账号：" << Number << endl;

system("pause");

}

Account::Account

(string name, string sex, string identity, string password, long long money, bool) :

Name(name), Sex(sex), Identity(identity),

Number(Identity), Password(password), Money(money),

pre(nullptr), next(nullptr){}

用头文件定义功能函数（共有函数调用私有函数，保证类的封装性）

#ifndef BANK_SYSTEM

#define BANK_SYSTEM

struct Account;

class Bank_System

{

public:

Bank_System(); 功能函数

void Build(); 建立用户

void Watch(); 查询用户

void Search_Cut(); 删除用户

void Search_Deposit(); 存钱

void Search_Withdraw(); 取钱

private:

Account* Scan(); 建立用户

Account* Search(); 查找用户

void Cut(Account*); //Account*是指针形参，指向要存储删除的用户

void Deposit(Account*); Account*是指针形参，指向要存钱的用户，

void Withdraw(Account*);Account*是指针形参，指向要取钱的用户，

Account *First; 头指针

Account *Rear; 尾指针

};

#endif

cpp文件调用头文件Bank_System.和hAccount.h来实现各个功能，是函数的具体实现

#include "Bank_System.h"

#include <iostream>

#include "Account.h"

using namespace std;

Bank_System::Bank_System() :

First(nullptr), Rear(nullptr)

{

First = new Account("#", "#", "#", "#", 0, true);

Rear = new Account("#", "#", "#", "#", 0, true);

First->next = Rear;

Rear->pre = First;

system("cls");

cout << "系统启动成功" << endl;

system("pause");

system("cls");

}

Account* Bank_System::Scan() 定义用户的函数的详细情况

{

system("cls");

string name;

cout << "请输入您的姓名：" << ends;

cin >> name;

unsigned sex = 0;

string sexual;

while (sex != 1 && sex != 2)

{

cout << "请选择您的性别：1：女，2：男" << ends;

cin >> sex;

if (sex == 1)

sexual = "女";

else sexual = "男";

}

string identity;

cout << "请输入您的身份证号：" << ends;

cin >> identity;

string password;

cout << "请输入您的密码：" << ends;

cin >> password;

long long money;

cout << "请输入您的账户余额：" << ends;

cin >> money;

Account *a = new Account(name, sexual, identity, password,money);

return a;

}

void Bank_System::Build()

{

Account *p = nullptr;

while (true)

{

system("cls");

cout << "是否继续录入：Y/N" << endl;

char chosse = 'Y';

cin >> chosse;

if (chosse == 'n' || chosse == 'N')

break;

p = Scan(); 调用私有函数，获得一个新结点，传递进来

p->next = First->next;

First->next = p;

p->next->pre = p;

p->pre = First;

}

Account* Bank_System::Search()

{

cout << "1.名字搜索" << endl;

cout << "2.账号搜索" << endl;

cout << "请输入查询方式：" << ends;

unsigned choice = 0;

cin >> choice;

Account *p = nullptr;

system("cls");

if (choice == 1)

{

string name;

cout << "请输入姓名：" << ends;

cin >> name;

p = First->next;

while (p != nullptr&&p->Name != name)

p = p->next;

if (p == nullptr)

{

cout << "无该用户！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

else

{

string number;

cout << "请输入账号：" << ends;

cin >> number;

p = First->next;

while (p != nullptr&&p->Number != number)

p = p->next;

if (p == nullptr)

{

cout << "无该用户！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

return p;

}

void Bank_System::Watch()

{

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

{

system("cls");

cout << "账户信息：" << endl;

cout << "姓名：" << p->Name << endl;

cout << "身份证号：" << p->Identity << endl;

cout << "账号：" << p->Number << endl;

cout << "密码：" << p->Password << endl;

cout << "余额：" << p->Money << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Cut(Account *a)

{

a->next->pre = a->pre;

a->pre->next = a->next;

delete a;

cout << "删除成功！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Search_Cut()

{

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行删除前的查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

Cut(p);

else

{

system("cls");

cout << "删除失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Deposit(Account *a)

{

cout << "请输入存入金额：" << ends;

long long money = 0;

cin >> money;

a->Money += money;

system("cls");

cout << "存入成功！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Search_Deposit()

{

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行存钱前的查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

Deposit(p);

else

{

system("cls");

cout << "存钱失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Withdraw(Account *a)

{

cout << "请输入取出金额：" << ends;

long long money = 0;

cin >> money;

if (money > a->Money)

{

system("cls");

cout << "您的账户余额不足，取出失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

else

{

a->Money -= money;

system("cls");

cout << "取款成功！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Search_Withdraw()

{

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行取钱前的查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

Withdraw(p);

else

{

system("cls");

cout << "存钱失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

五．时间复杂度和空间复杂度分析.

算法中的Search函数使用了蛮力法，其时间复杂度为O(n),空间复杂度为O(n)，其余的所有函数的时间复杂度为O(1)，空间复杂度为O(1).

六．源代码

#ifndef ACCOUNT_H

#define ACCOUNT_H

#include <string>

using std::string;

struct Account

{

string Name;

string Sex;

string Identity;

string Number;

string Password; //(密码)

long long Money;

Account *pre, *next;

Account(string, string, string, string,long long);

Account(string, string, string, string, long long, bool);//为了方便建立头尾结点的时候可以录入一个空的账户，

//用布尔类型来区分建立的是头尾结点或者是账户结点

};

#endif

#include "Account.h"

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Account::Account

(string name, string sex, string identity, string password,long long money) :

Name(name), Sex(sex), Identity(identity),

Number(Identity), Password(password), Money(money),

pre(nullptr), next(nullptr)

{

system("cls");

cout << "开户成功" << endl;

cout << "姓名：" << Name << endl;

cout << "账号：" << Number << endl;

system("pause");

}

Account::Account

(string name, string sex, string identity, string password, long long money, bool) :

Name(name), Sex(sex), Identity(identity),

Number(Identity), Password(password), Money(money),

pre(nullptr), next(nullptr){}

#ifndef BANK_SYSTEM

#define BANK_SYSTEM

struct Account;

class Bank_System

{

public:

Bank_System();

void Build();

void Watch();

void Search_Cut();

void Search_Deposit();

void Search_Withdraw();

private:

Account* Scan();

Account* Search();

void Cut(Account*);//Account*是指针形参，指向要存储删除的用户，以下几个与此类似

void Deposit(Account*);

void Withdraw(Account*);

Account *First;

Account *Rear;

};

#endif

#include "Bank_System.h"

#include <iostream>

#include "Account.h"

using namespace std;

Bank_System::Bank_System() :

First(nullptr), Rear(nullptr)

{

First = new Account("#", "#", "#", "#", 0, true);

Rear = new Account("#", "#", "#", "#", 0, true);

First->next = Rear;

Rear->pre = First;

system("cls");

cout << "系统启动成功" << endl;

system("pause");

system("cls");

}

Account* Bank_System::Scan()

system("cls");

string name;

cout << "请输入您的姓名：" << ends;

cin >> name;

unsigned sex = 0;

string sexual;

while (sex != 1 && sex != 2)

{

cout << "请选择您的性别：1：女，2：男" << ends;

cin >> sex;

if (sex == 1)

sexual = "女";

else sexual = "男";

}

string identity;

cout << "请输入您的身份证号：" << ends;

cin >> identity;

string password;

cout << "请输入您的密码：" << ends;

cin >> password;

long long money;

cout << "请输入您的账户余额：" << ends;

cin >> money;

Account *a = new Account(name, sexual, identity, password,money);

return a;

}

void Bank_System::Build()

{

Account *p = nullptr;

while (true)

{

system("cls");

cout << "是否继续录入：Y/N" << endl;

char chosse = 'Y';

cin >> chosse;

if (chosse == 'n' || chosse == 'N')

break;

p = Scan();

p->next = First->next;

First->next = p;

p->next->pre = p;

p->pre = First;

}

Account* Bank_System::Search()

{

cout << "1.名字搜索" << endl;

cout << "2.账号搜索" << endl;

cout << "请输入查询方式：" << ends;

unsigned choice = 0;

cin >> choice;

Account *p = nullptr;

system("cls");

if (choice == 1)

{

string name;

cout << "请输入姓名：" << ends;

cin >> name;

p = First->next;

while (p != nullptr&&p->Name != name)

p = p->next;

if (p == nullptr)

{

cout << "无该用户！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

else

{

string number;

cout << "请输入账号：" << ends;

cin >> number;

p = First->next;

while (p != nullptr&&p->Number != number)

p = p->next;

if (p == nullptr)

{

cout << "无该用户！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

return p;

}

void Bank_System::Watch() {

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

{

system("cls");

cout << "账户信息：" << endl;

cout << "姓名：" << p->Name << endl;

cout << "身份证号：" << p->Identity << endl;

cout << "账号：" << p->Number << endl;

cout << "密码：" << p->Password << endl;

cout << "余额：" << p->Money << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Cut(Account *a)

{

a->next->pre = a->pre;

a->pre->next = a->next;

delete a;

cout << "删除成功！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Search_Cut()

{

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行删除前的查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

Cut(p);

else

{

system("cls");

cout << "删除失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Deposit(Account *a) {

cout << "请输入存入金额：" << ends;

long long money = 0;

cin >> money;

a->Money += money;

system("cls");

cout << "存入成功！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Search_Deposit() {

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行存钱前的查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

Deposit(p);

else

{

system("cls");

cout << "存钱失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Withdraw(Account *a)

{

cout << "请输入取出金额：" << ends;

long long money = 0;

cin >> money;

if (money > a->Money)

{

system("cls");

cout << "您的账户余额不足，取出失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

else

{

a->Money -= money;

system("cls");

cout << "取款成功！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

void Bank_System::Search_Withdraw() {

system("cls");

cout << "请按照提示进行取钱前的查询操作" << endl;

Account *p = Search();

if (p != nullptr)

Withdraw(p);

else

{

system("cls");

cout << "存钱失败！" << endl;

system("pause");

}

#include "Bank_System.h"

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void main()

{

Bank_System bk;

unsigned choice = 0;

while (true)

{

system("cls");

cout << "0：退出" << endl;

cout << "1：开户" << endl;

cout << "2：销户" << endl;

cout << "3：查询" << endl;

cout << "4：存钱" << endl;

cout << "5：取钱" << endl;

cout << "请输入你的选择：" << ends;

cin >> choice;

switch (choice)

{

case 0:exit(-1); break;

case 1:bk.Build(); break;

case 2:bk.Search_Cut(); break;

case 3:bk.Watch(); break;

case 4:bk.Search_Deposit(); break;

case 5:bk.Search_Withdraw(); break;

default:

cout << "非法输入！" << endl;

system("pause");

break;

}

一．心得

经过一个学期的学习，数据结构课程对我来说是有难度的。从大一开始接触c++就发现自己在编程方面并不太敏感，面对有编程，又有算法的数据结构，说实话，这学期学得很辛苦。

一路坚持下来，很多不懂都是自己把书翻了又翻才看懂的，甚至补看了很多次的大一c++书籍，勤能补拙，坚持那么久还是有收获的。从本次的数据结构的课程设计就可以看到明显的效果，之前的学习里，并没有试过把私有函数放在公有函数里调用，这次参照书本上的方法，我把功能代码都放在私有函数里，只有公有函数才能调用私有函数再实现其代码。同时，存放储户的信息是存放在结点里面，在之前回看大一的书籍时，就有看过结构体，用结构体简单方便。当然，整个课程设计都涉及了指针，指针一开始运用得不熟练，渐渐才用起来，有时出了错也不知道怎么改，只能问问语法学得比较扎实的同学，多交流比一个人盲干有效率得多。

总的来说这篇课程设计的代码很简单，但是在创建的过程已经花了很多时间和心血在上面。母不嫌子丑，同样的，我做出来的课程设计虽然很简单，但是在设计方面做得比以前好，至少懂得如何更好实现类的封装性，我就会欣赏它。多学多用，以后会做得更好的。

参考文献：《数据结构》