CodeForces - 1006E Military Problem ( DFS

本文介绍了一种使用深度优先搜索(DFS)遍历树形结构的方法,并实现了基于节点的查询功能。通过预处理得到每个节点的进入时间和退出时间,可以快速查找指定节点的第k个子节点或返回-1表示不存在。

题意:

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define pb push_back
#define ll long long
const int MAXN = 2e5+10;

int in[MAXN], out[MAXN];
int ans[MAXN];
vector<int> G[MAXN];
int tot;
void dfs(int u) {
    in[u] = ++tot;
    ans[tot] = u;
    for(int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); ++i) {
        int v = G[u][i];
        dfs(v);
    }
    out[u] = tot;
}
int main() {
    #ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
        freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
    #endif // ONLINE_JUDGE
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    tot = 0;
    int n, q, x;
    cin >> n >> q;
    for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        cin >> x;
        G[x].pb(i);
    }
    dfs(1);
    while(q--) {
        int u, k;
        cin >> u >> k;
        if(out[u]-in[u]+1 < k)
            cout << "-1\n";
        else
            cout << ans[in[u]+k-1] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
### Codeforces Problem 976C Solution in Python For solving problem 976C on Codeforces using Python, efficiency becomes a critical factor due to strict time limits aimed at distinguishing between efficient and less efficient solutions[^1]. Given these constraints, it is advisable to focus on optimizing algorithms and choosing appropriate data structures. The provided code snippet offers insight into handling string manipulation problems efficiently by customizing comparison logic for sorting elements based on specific criteria[^2]. However, for addressing problem 976C specifically, which involves determining the winner ('A' or 'B') based on frequency counts within given inputs, one can adapt similar principles of optimization but tailored towards counting occurrences directly as shown below: ```python from collections import Counter def determine_winner(): for _ in range(int(input())): count_map = Counter(input().strip()) result = "A" if count_map['A'] > count_map['B'] else "B" print(result) determine_winner() ``` This approach leverages `Counter` from Python’s built-in `collections` module to quickly tally up instances of 'A' versus 'B'. By iterating over multiple test cases through a loop defined by user input, this method ensures that comparisons are made accurately while maintaining performance standards required under tight computational resources[^3]. To further enhance execution speed when working with Python, consider submitting codes via platforms like PyPy instead of traditional interpreters whenever possible since they offer better runtime efficiencies especially important during competitive programming contests where milliseconds matter significantly.
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