Centos7离线无窗口（静默）安装oracle

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-28 09:37:46 发布

vip_suannai

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-28 09:37:46 发布

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文章标签：数据库 centos 服务器数据仓库 oracle

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/vip_suannai/article/details/124095172

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简单说明：本次安装使用官网推荐的简化配置的方式安装，该方式在官网有说明

官网文档地址：https://www.oracle.com/linux/technologies/ginnydbinstallonlinux/

以先安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall 的方式简化配置

#oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包所干的事情
　　　　（1）自动安装oracle所需的RPM包
　　　　（2）自动创建oracle用户和group组
　　　　（3）自动配置/etc/sysctl.conf内核参数
　　　　（4）自动配置/etc/security/limits.conf参数
　　　　（5）关闭NUMA=OFF （关闭非一致内存访问）

该方式帮我们完成了在其他文章说提到的创建用户，修改内核参数等等各项配置，避免了自己手动配置写错，并且解决了安装包互相依赖导致安装失败等问题。

使用这种方式离线安装需要在一个有网的服务器下载所依赖的包，做一个本地源。

简单说明

使用repotrack 命令下载安装包并自动下载所有依赖包 -p 指定下载地址

repotrack <package name>

示例：repotrack racle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall -p /home/oracle

制作本地yum源，在下载的安装包路径下执行以下命令

createrepo ./

生成以下文件夹

然后新建本地yum源配置文件

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local-oracle.repo

插入以下内容

[oracle-install]
name=oracle-install #名称随意
enable=1#是否使用 1使用 0不启用
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=file:///root/oracle/ #指定刚才使用createrepo 命令的文件夹目录

下载安装包（官网需要账号，可能有账号也下不到，资源自行搜索）

下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

以下以11g版本为例

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

1.将制作的本地源上传到需要离线安装的服务器上

此次操作示例

新建配置文件

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local-oracle.repo

插入以下内容

[oracle-install]
name=oracle-install #名称随意
enable=1#是否使用 1使用 0不启用
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=file:///root/oracle/ #指定刚才使用createrepo 命令的文件夹目录

执行以下命令更新本地源设置

yum clean all

yum makecache

或者

yum makecache fast

友情提示：如果在安装中报出无法联网等错误信息，可以把原始的yum配置文件都备份更换位置，如果不影响的话直接删除（自行评估）也行。

2.关闭Selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

设置 SELINUX=disabled

命令临时生效： setenforce 0 (临时生效可以直接用setenforce 0 ) 1 启用 0 告警，不启用

setenforce 0

3.安装racle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64

安装成功

4.安装数据库

创建安装目录

mkdir -p /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

更改oracle目录的属主

chown oracle:oinstall -R /u01

修改oracle目录权限

chmod 755 -R /u01/oracle/

切换到oracle用户

su oracle

设置oracle环境变量

cd ~ #切换到用户目录下

vi .bash_profile 编辑环境变量

插入以下内容

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export EDITOR=vim
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'

退出保存

环境变量生效

source .bash_profile

将下载的安装包上传到 /u01 路径下

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

切换到该路径下

cd /u01

解压

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

这里提示没有安装unzip命令

执行以下命令安装（分系统版本，有的自带安装包只是没有安装而已）

yum install unzip

安装完毕继续解压

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压完后修改静默安装文件（无页面安装）

vi /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp

需要注意几个参数设置

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=sql2 #通过hostname命令获取

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl #这个sid和在环境变量中设置的一致区分大小写

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle #所有用户的密码

完整内容参考以下内容修改

####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
##对整个文件的说明，该文件包含参数说明，静默文件中密码信息的保密 ##
####################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value. 标注响应文件版本，这个版本必须和要安装的数据库版本相同，安装检验无法通过,不能更改
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# 3. UPGRADE_DB
#选择安装类型：1.只装数据库软件 2.安装数据库软件并建库 3.升级数据库
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
# and network interfaces)指定操作系统主机名，通过hostname命令获得
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=sql2

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. 指定oracle inventory目录的所有者，通常会是oinstall或者dba
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files. 指定产品清单oracle inventory目录的路径,如果是Win平台下可以省略
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oracle/oraInventory

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.
#
# en : English ja : Japanese
# fr : French ko : Korean
# ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish
# bn : Bengali lv : Latvian
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian
# bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay
# fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish
# ca : Catalan no : Norwegian
# hr : Croatian pl : Polish
# cs : Czech pt : Portuguese
# da : Danish ro : Romanian
# nl : Dutch ru : Russian
# ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese
# en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak
# et : Estonian sl : Slovenian
# fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish
# de : German sv : Swedish
# el : Greek th : Thai
# iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese
# hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish
# is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian
# in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese
# it : Italian
#指定数据库语言，可以选择多个，用逗号隔开。选择en, zh_CN(英文和简体中文)
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.设置ORALCE_HOME的路径
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. 设置ORALCE_BASE的路径
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# EE : Enterprise Edition
# SE : Standard Edition
# SEONE : Standard Edition One
# PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#选择Oracle安装数据库软件的版本（企业版，标准版，标准版1），不同的版本功能不同
#详细的版本区别参考附录D
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
#
# true : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
# are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
#是否自定义Oracle的组件，如果选择false，则会使用默认的组件
#如果选择true否则需要自己在下面一条参数将要安装的组件一一列出。
#安装相应版权后会安装所有的组件，后期如果缺乏某个组件，再次安装会非常的麻烦。
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true.
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
#
# The following choices are available. You may specify any
# combination of these choices. The components you choose should
# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
# Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#
# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
# oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault
# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing
# oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
# oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true的话必须手工选择需要安装组件的话
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS     #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.   #
# #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#指定拥有OSDBA、OSOPER权限的用户组，通常会是dba组
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#如果是RAC的安装，在这里指定所有的节点
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
#选择数据库的用途，一般用途/事物处理，数据仓库
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. 指定GlobalName
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.指定SID
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#选择字符集。不正确的字符集会给数据显示和存储带来麻烦无数。
#通常中文选择的有ZHS16GBK简体中文库，建议选择unicode的AL32UTF8国际字符集
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#11g的新特性自动内存管理，也就是SGA_TARGET和PAG_AGGREGATE_TARGET都#不用设置了，Oracle会自动调配两部分大小。
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#指定Oracle自动管理内存的大小，最小是256MB
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
# database or not.是否载入模板示例
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.
# These settings may also be disabled.是否启用安全设置
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

###############################################################################
# #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the   #
# starter database:                         #
# SYS #
# SYSTEM #
# SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended)        #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
# 设置数据库用户密码 #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码，其它数据库用户就不用单独设置了。
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. GRID_CONTROL
# 2. DB_CONTROL
#数据库本地管理工具DB_CONTROL，远程集中管理工具GRID_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage
# the database. GRID_CONTROL需要设定grid control的远程路径URL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical
# alerts when using DB control. 是否启用Email通知, 启用后会将告警等信息发送到指定邮箱
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.设置通知EMAIL地址
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.设置EMAIL邮件服务器
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=

###############################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS    #
# ------------------------------------       #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #
# using the entries below.                       #
# #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.设置自动备份，和OUI里的自动备份一样。
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system
# user that is specified in this variable.自动备份会启动一个job，指定启动JOB的系统用户ID
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
# above operating system user.自动备份会开启一个job，需要指定OSUser的密码
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE自动备份，要求指定使用的文件系统存放数据库文件还是ASM
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#使用文件系统存放数据库文件才需要指定数据文件、控制文件、Redo log的存放目录
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#使用文件系统存放数据库文件才需要指定备份恢复目录
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
#使用ASM存放数据库文件才需要指定存放的磁盘组
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM
#使用ASM存放数据库文件才需要指定ASM实例密码
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#指定metalink账户用户名
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
# 指定metalink账户密码
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
# 用户是否可以设置metalink密码
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection.
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
# False表示不需要设置安全更新，注意，在11.2的静默安装中疑似有一个BUG
# Response File中必须指定为true，否则会提示错误,不管是否正确填写了邮件地址
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
#代理服务器名
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
#
# Example : PROXY_PORT=25
#代理服务器端口
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_USER=username
#代理服务器用户名
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_PWD=password
#代理服务器密码
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=

保存退出

执行安装（以下为一条命令）

/u01/database/runInstaller -silent -force -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp

执行后耐心等待

安装完成，切换到管理员用户，按提示执行以下两个脚本

/u01/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh