本文详细介绍了x264编码器的使用方法，包括输入输出格式、编码参数、分析选项、过滤器等，旨在帮助用户理解并优化视频编码过程。
INPUT：
fengshaoqi@fengshaoqi-Lenovo:~/文档/测试文件/1080$ x264 --vbv-bufsize 2000 --bitrate 2000 -o rushhour.mkv rush_hour.y4m
x264 core:128
Syntax: x264 [options] -o outfile infile
Infile can be raw (in which case resolution is required),
or YUV4MPEG (*.y4m),
or Avisynth if compiled with support (no).
or libav* formats if compiled with lavf support (no) or ffms support (no).
Outfile type is selected by filename:
.264 -> Raw bytestream
.mkv -> Matroska
.flv -> Flash Video
.mp4 -> MP4 if compiled with GPAC support (no)
Output bit depth: 8 (configured at compile time)
Options:
-h, --help List basic options
--longhelp List more options
--fullhelp List all options
Example usage:
Constant quality mode:
x264 --crf 24 -o <output> <input>
Two-pass with a bitrate of 1000kbps:
x264 --pass 1 --bitrate 1000 -o <output> <input>
x264 --pass 2 --bitrate 1000 -o <output> <input>
Lossless:
x264 --qp 0 -o <output> <input>
Maximum PSNR at the cost of speed and visual quality:
x264 --preset placebo --tune psnr -o <output> <input>
Constant bitrate at 1000kbps with a 2 second-buffer:
x264 --vbv-bufsize 2000 --bitrate 1000 -o <output> <input>
Presets:
--profile <string> Force the limits of an H.264 profile
Overrides all settings.
- baseline:
--no-8x8dct --bframes 0 --no-cabac
--cqm flat --weightp 0
No interlaced.
No lossless.
- main:
--no-8x8dct --cqm flat
No lossless.
- high:
No lossless.
- high10:
No lossless.
Support for bit depth 8-10.
- high422:
No lossless.
Support for bit depth 8-10.
Support for 4:2:0/4:2:2 chroma subsampling.
- high444:
Support for bit depth 8-10.
Support for 4:2:0/4:2:2/4:4:4 chroma subsampling.
--preset <string> Use a preset to select encoding settings [medium]
Overridden by user settings.
- ultrafast:
--no-8x8dct --aq-mode 0 --b-adapt 0
--bframes 0 --no-cabac --no-deblock
--no-mbtree --me dia --no-mixed-refs
--partitions none --rc-lookahead 0 --ref 1
--scenecut 0 --subme 0 --trellis 0
--no-weightb --weightp 0
- superfast:
--no-mbtree --me dia --no-mixed-refs
--partitions i8x8,i4x4 --rc-lookahead 0
--ref 1 --subme 1 --trellis 0 --weightp 1
- veryfast:
--no-mixed-refs --rc-lookahead 10
--ref 1 --subme 2 --trellis 0 --weightp 1
- faster:
--no-mixed-refs --rc-lookahead 20
--ref 2 --subme 4 --weightp 1
- fast:
--rc-lookahead 30 --ref 2 --subme 6
--weightp 1
- medium:
Default settings apply.
- slow:
--b-adapt 2 --direct auto --me umh
--rc-lookahead 50 --ref 5 --subme 8
- slower:
--b-adapt 2 --direct auto --me umh
--partitions all --rc-lookahead 60
--ref 8 --subme 9 --trellis 2
- veryslow:
--b-adapt 2 --bframes 8 --direct auto
--me umh --merange 24 --partitions all
--ref 16 --subme 10 --trellis 2
--rc-lookahead 60
- placebo:
--bframes 16 --b-adapt 2 --direct auto
--slow-firstpass --no-fast-pskip
--me tesa --merange 24 --partitions all
--rc-lookahead 60 --ref 16 --subme 11
--trellis 2
--tune <string> Tune the settings for a particular type of source
or situation
Overridden by user settings.
Multiple tunings are separated by commas.
Only one psy tuning can be used at a time.
- film (psy tuning):
--deblock -1:-1 --psy-rd <unset>:0.15
- animation (psy tuning):
--bframes {+2} --deblock 1:1
--psy-rd 0.4:<unset> --aq-strength 0.6
--ref {Double if >1 else 1}
- grain (psy tuning):
--aq-strength 0.5 --no-dct-decimate
--deadzone-inter 6 --deadzone-intra 6
--deblock -2:-2 --ipratio 1.1
--pbratio 1.1 --psy-rd <unset>:0.25
--qcomp 0.8
- stillimage (psy tuning):
--aq-strength 1.2 --deblock -3:-3
--psy-rd 2.0:0.7
- psnr (psy tuning):
--aq-mode 0 --no-psy
- ssim (psy tuning):
--aq-mode 2 --no-psy
- fastdecode:
--no-cabac --no-deblock --no-weightb
--weightp 0
- zerolatency:
--bframes 0 --force-cfr --no-mbtree
--sync-lookahead 0 --sliced-threads
--rc-lookahead 0
--slow-firstpass Don't force these faster settings with --pass 1:
--no-8x8dct --me dia --partitions none
--ref 1 --subme {2 if >2 else unchanged}
--trellis 0 --fast-pskip
Frame-type options:
-I, --keyint <integer or "infinite"> Maximum GOP size [250]
-i, --min-keyint <integer> Minimum GOP size [auto]
--no-scenecut Disable adaptive I-frame decision
--scenecut <integer> How aggressively to insert extra I-frames [40]
--intra-refresh Use Periodic Intra Refresh instead of IDR frames
-b, --bframes <integer> Number of B-frames between I and P [3]
--b-adapt <integer> Adaptive B-frame decision method [1]
Higher values may lower threading efficiency.
- 0: Disabled
- 1: Fast
- 2: Optimal (slow with high --bframes)
--b-bias <integer> Influences how often B-frames are used [0]
--b-pyramid <string> Keep some B-frames as references [normal]
- none: Disabled
- strict: Strictly hierarchical pyramid
- normal: Non-strict (not Blu-ray compatible)
--open-gop Use recovery points to close GOPs
Only available with b-frames
--no-cabac Disable CABAC
-r, --ref <integer> Number of reference frames [3]
--no-deblock Disable loop filter
-f, --deblock <alpha:beta> Loop filter parameters [0:0]
--slices <integer> Number of slices per frame; forces rectangular
slices and is overridden by other slicing options
--slice-max-size <integer> Limit the size of each slice in bytes
--slice-max-mbs <integer> Limit the size of each slice in macroblocks
--tff Enable interlaced mode (top field first)
--bff Enable interlaced mode (bottom field first)
--constrained-intra Enable constrained intra prediction.
--pulldown <string> Use soft pulldown to change frame rate
- none, 22, 32, 64, double, triple, euro (requires cfr input)
--fake-interlaced Flag stream as interlaced but encode progressive.
Makes it possible to encode 25p and 30p Blu-Ray
streams. Ignored in interlaced mode.
--frame-packing <integer> For stereoscopic videos define frame arrangement
- 0: checkerboard - pixels are alternatively from L and R
- 1: column alternation - L and R are interlaced by column
- 2: row alternation - L and R are interlaced by row
- 3: side by side - L is on the left, R on the right
- 4: top bottom - L is on top, R on bottom
- 5: frame alternation - one view per frame
Ratecontrol:
-q, --qp <integer> Force constant QP (0-69, 0=lossless)
-B, --bitrate <integer> Set bitrate (kbit/s)
--crf <float> Quality-based VBR (0-51) [23.0]
--rc-lookahead <integer> Number of frames for frametype lookahead [40]
--vbv-maxrate <integer> Max local bitrate (kbit/s) [0]
--vbv-bufsize <integer> Set size of the VBV buffer (kbit) [0]
--vbv-init <float> Initial VBV buffer occupancy [0.9]
--crf-max <float> With CRF+VBV, limit RF to this value
May cause VBV underflows!
--qpmin <integer> Set min QP [0]
--qpmax <integer> Set max QP [69]
--qpstep <integer> Set max QP step [4]
--ratetol <float> Tolerance of ABR ratecontrol and VBV [1.0]
--ipratio <float> QP factor between I and P [1.40]
--pbratio <float> QP factor between P and B [1.30]
--chroma-qp-offset <integer> QP difference between chroma and luma [0]
--aq-mode <integer> AQ method [1]
- 0: Disabled
- 1: Variance AQ (complexity mask)
- 2: Auto-variance AQ (experimental)
--aq-strength <float> Reduces blocking and blurring in flat and
textured areas. [1.0]
-p, --pass <integer> Enable multipass ratecontrol
- 1: First pass, creates stats file
- 2: Last pass, does not overwrite stats file
- 3: Nth pass, overwrites stats file
--stats <string> Filename for 2 pass stats ["x264_2pass.log"]
--no-mbtree Disable mb-tree ratecontrol.
--qcomp <float> QP curve compression [0.60]
--cplxblur <float> Reduce fluctuations in QP (before curve compression) [20.0]
--qblur <float> Reduce fluctuations in QP (after curve compression) [0.5]
--zones <zone0>/<zone1>/... Tweak the bitrate of regions of the video
Each zone is of the form
<start frame>,<end frame>,<option>
where <option> is either
q=<integer> (force QP)
or b=<float> (bitrate multiplier)
--qpfile <string> Force frametypes and QPs for some or all frames
Format of each line: framenumber frametype QP
QP is optional (none lets x264 choose). Frametypes: I,i,K,P,B,b.
K=<I or i> depending on open-gop setting
QPs are restricted by qpmin/qpmax.
Analysis:
-A, --partitions <string> Partitions to consider ["p8x8,b8x8,i8x8,i4x4"]
- p8x8, p4x4, b8x8, i8x8, i4x4
- none, all
(p4x4 requires p8x8. i8x8 requires --8x8dct.)
--direct <string> Direct MV prediction mode ["spatial"]
- none, spatial, temporal, auto
--no-weightb Disable weighted prediction for B-frames
--weightp <integer> Weighted prediction for P-frames [2]
- 0: Disabled
- 1: Weighted refs
- 2: Weighted refs + Duplicates
--me <string> Integer pixel motion estimation method ["hex"]
- dia: diamond search, radius 1 (fast)
- hex: hexagonal search, radius 2
- umh: uneven multi-hexagon search
- esa: exhaustive search
- tesa: hadamard exhaustive search (slow)
--merange <integer> Maximum motion vector search range [16]
--mvrange <integer> Maximum motion vector length [-1 (auto)]
--mvrange-thread <int> Minimum buffer between threads [-1 (auto)]
-m, --subme <integer> Subpixel motion estimation and mode decision [7]
- 0: fullpel only (not recommended)
- 1: SAD mode decision, one qpel iteration
- 2: SATD mode decision
- 3-5: Progressively more qpel
- 6: RD mode decision for I/P-frames
- 7: RD mode decision for all frames
- 8: RD refinement for I/P-frames
- 9: RD refinement for all frames
- 10: QP-RD - requires trellis=2, aq-mode>0
- 11: Full RD: disable all early terminations
--psy-rd <float:float> Strength of psychovisual optimization ["1.0:0.0"]
#1: RD (requires subme>=6)
#2: Trellis (requires trellis, experimental)
--no-psy Disable all visual optimizations that worsen
both PSNR and SSIM.
--no-mixed-refs Don't decide references on a per partition basis
--no-chroma-me Ignore chroma in motion estimation
--no-8x8dct Disable adaptive spatial transform size
-t, --trellis <integer> Trellis RD quantization. [1]
- 0: disabled
- 1: enabled only on the final encode of a MB
- 2: enabled on all mode decisions
--no-fast-pskip Disables early SKIP detection on P-frames
--no-dct-decimate Disables coefficient thresholding on P-frames
--nr <integer> Noise reduction [0]
--deadzone-inter <int> Set the size of the inter luma quantization deadzone [21]
--deadzone-intra <int> Set the size of the intra luma quantization deadzone [11]
Deadzones should be in the range 0 - 32.
--cqm <string> Preset quant matrices ["flat"]
- jvt, flat
--cqmfile <string> Read custom quant matrices from a JM-compatible file
Overrides any other --cqm* options.
--cqm4 <list> Set all 4x4 quant matrices
Takes a comma-separated list of 16 integers.
--cqm8 <list> Set all 8x8 quant matrices
Takes a comma-separated list of 64 integers.
--cqm4i, --cqm4p, --cqm8i, --cqm8p <list>
Set both luma and chroma quant matrices
--cqm4iy, --cqm4ic, --cqm4py, --cqm4pc <list>
Set individual quant matrices
Video Usability Info (Annex E):
The VUI settings are not used by the encoder but are merely suggestions to
the playback equipment. See doc/vui.txt for details. Use at your own risk.
--overscan <string> Specify crop overscan setting ["undef"]
- undef, show, crop
--videoformat <string> Specify video format ["undef"]
- component, pal, ntsc, secam, mac, undef
--range <string> Specify color range ["auto"]
- auto, tv, pc
--colorprim <string> Specify color primaries ["undef"]
- undef, bt709, bt470m, bt470bg
smpte170m, smpte240m, film
--transfer <string> Specify transfer characteristics ["undef"]
- undef, bt709, bt470m, bt470bg, linear,
log100, log316, smpte170m, smpte240m
--colormatrix <string> Specify color matrix setting ["???"]
- undef, bt709, fcc, bt470bg
smpte170m, smpte240m, GBR, YCgCo
--chromaloc <integer> Specify chroma sample location (0 to 5) [0]
--nal-hrd <string> Signal HRD information (requires vbv-bufsize)
- none, vbr, cbr (cbr not allowed in .mp4)
--pic-struct Force pic_struct in Picture Timing SEI
--crop-rect <string> Add 'left,top,right,bottom' to the bitstream-level
cropping rectangle
Input/Output:
-o, --output <string> Specify output file
--muxer <string> Specify output container format ["auto"]
- auto, raw, mkv, flv
--demuxer <string> Specify input container format ["auto"]
- auto, raw, y4m
--input-fmt <string> Specify input file format (requires lavf support)
--input-csp <string> Specify input colorspace format for raw input
- valid csps for `raw' demuxer:
i420, yv12, nv12, i422, yv16, nv16, i444, yv24, bgr, bgra, rgb
--output-csp <string> Specify output colorspace ["i420"]
- i420, i422, i444, rgb
--input-depth <integer> Specify input bit depth for raw input
--input-range <string> Specify input color range ["auto"]
- auto, tv, pc
--input-res <intxint> Specify input resolution (width x height)
--index <string> Filename for input index file
--sar width:height Specify Sample Aspect Ratio
--fps <float|rational> Specify framerate
--seek <integer> First frame to encode
--frames <integer> Maximum number of frames to encode
--level <string> Specify level (as defined by Annex A)
--bluray-compat Enable compatibility hacks for Blu-ray support
-v, --verbose Print stats for each frame
--no-progress Don't show the progress indicator while encoding
--quiet Quiet Mode
--log-level <string> Specify the maximum level of logging ["info"]
- none, error, warning, info, debug
--psnr Enable PSNR computation
--ssim Enable SSIM computation
--threads <integer> Force a specific number of threads
--lookahead-threads <integer> Force a specific number of lookahead threads
--sliced-threads Low-latency but lower-efficiency threading
--thread-input Run Avisynth in its own thread
--sync-lookahead <integer> Number of buffer frames for threaded lookahead
--non-deterministic Slightly improve quality of SMP, at the cost of repeatability
--cpu-independent Ensure exact reproducibility across different cpus,
as opposed to letting them select different algorithms
--asm <integer> Override CPU detection
--no-asm Disable all CPU optimizations
--visualize Show MB types overlayed on the encoded video
--dump-yuv <string> Save reconstructed frames
--sps-id <integer> Set SPS and PPS id numbers [0]
--aud Use access unit delimiters
--force-cfr Force constant framerate timestamp generation
--tcfile-in <string> Force timestamp generation with timecode file
--tcfile-out <string> Output timecode v2 file from input timestamps
--timebase <int/int> Specify timebase numerator and denominator
<integer> Specify timebase numerator for input timecode file
or specify timebase denominator for other input
--dts-compress Eliminate initial delay with container DTS hack
Filtering:
--vf, --video-filter <filter0>/<filter1>/... Apply video filtering to the input file
Filter options may be specified in <filter>:<option>=<value> format.
Available filters:
crop:left,top,right,bottom
removes pixels from the edges of the frame
select_every:step,offset1[,...]
apply a selection pattern to input frames
step: the number of frames in the pattern
offsets: the offset into the step to select a frame
see: http://avisynth.org/mediawiki/Select#SelectEvery
OUTPUT：
x264 [warning]: VBV maxrate unspecified, assuming CBR
x264 [info]: using SAR=1/1
x264 [info]: using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast FastShuffle SSEMisalign LZCNT
x264 [info]: profile High, level 4.0
x264 [info]: frame I:3 Avg QP:32.12 size: 32137
x264 [info]: frame P:266 Avg QP:32.25 size: 11882
x264 [info]: frame B:231 Avg QP:33.61 size: 6765
x264 [info]: consecutive B-frames: 7.6% 92.4% 0.0% 0.0%
x264 [info]: mb I I16..4: 33.1% 60.7% 6.1%
x264 [info]: mb P I16..4: 1.4% 2.0% 0.1% P16..4: 38.6% 5.4% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% skip:50.6%
x264 [info]: mb B I16..4: 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% B16..8: 50.3% 1.9% 0.1% direct: 0.3% skip:47.0% L0:42.1% L1:57.5% BI: 0.5%
x264 [info]: 8x8 transform intra:58.6% inter:94.8%
x264 [info]: coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 30.1% 36.2% 6.0% inter: 7.4% 4.1% 0.0%
x264 [info]: i16 v,h,dc,p: 27% 41% 4% 28%
x264 [info]: i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 21% 22% 15% 4% 7% 9% 8% 7% 6%
x264 [info]: i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 24% 30% 12% 5% 6% 7% 7% 5% 4%
x264 [info]: i8c dc,h,v,p: 69% 18% 11% 2%
x264 [info]: Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
x264 [info]: ref P L0: 55.7% 17.8% 18.5% 8.0%
x264 [info]: ref B L0: 75.5% 24.5%
x264 [info]: kb/s:1927.83
encoded 500 frames, 15.69 fps, 1928.13 kb/s
fengshaoqi@fengshaoqi-Lenovo:~/文档/测试文件/1080$
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