通过一系列实验，Kramer展示了鸟类如何利用太阳位置进行定向，并揭示了夜行鸟如何借助星空导航的秘密。他发现，内部生物钟使星鸟能够补偿太阳的移动，而夜行鸟则使用天空中的星星作为导航标志。
Because caged birds become disoriented when the sky is overcast, Kramer hypothesized that birds orient themselves according to the Sun's position.
In one set of experiments, Kramer placed the box containing food at the same point of the compass each time he put food boxes in the birds` environment.细节
. Kramer demonstrated that an internal biological clock allows starlings to compensate for the Sun's movement.
Kramer showed that night-migrating birds use the sky to navigate by the stars.
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