一、 Binder概述
1.1 为什么要用binder
- 出于安全性、稳定性和内存管理的考虑,Android的应用和系统服务运行在分离的进程中,但是它们之间需要通信和共享数据
- 避免传统IPC开销和服务拒绝的问题
- android的库不支持System V 的IPC
- Binder加入了对象引用的引用计数器,消亡提醒机制。当一个Binder服务没有任何终端引用时,它的所有者可以自动提醒它去处理自己
- Binder通过UID/PID来分辨发送者和接受者(对于安全很重要)
但是:
- Binder不支持RPC,只有本地
- 客户端和服务端基于消息通信,不适用于流
- 不符合POSIX标准
1.2 binder通信流程
客户端使用服务
进程之间无法进行直接通信,所以通过Binder驱动
客户端和服务端不需要了解binder协议,所以使用代理和存根
客户端不想要知道正在使用IPC,也不关心binder和代理,所以,需要管理对象进行抽象
但是客户端怎样获取它想要通信的服务的handle,只需要问问sevicemanager(Context Manager),服务是否已经注册
最后,我们看下总体的架构
二 、 AIDL示例
使用aidl实现跨进程的加减法
2.1 服务端
新建android工程,创建包com.realize.calc.aidl,新建文件ICalcAIDL.aidl,内容如下
package com.realize.calc.aidl;
interface ICalcAIDL
{
int add(int x , int y);
int min(int x , int y );
}
创建包com.realize.lizijun.binder_server,新建服务CalcService.java,内容如下
package com.realize.lizijun.binder_server;
import com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
public class CalcService extends Service
{
private static final String TAG = "server";
public void onCreate()
{
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
}
public IBinder onBind(Intent t)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onBind");
return mBinder;
}
public void onDestroy()
{
Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onUnbind");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
public void onRebind(Intent intent)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onRebind");
super.onRebind(intent);
}
private final ICalcAIDL.Stub mBinder = new ICalcAIDL.Stub()
{
@Override
public int add(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
{
return x + y;
}
@Override
public int min(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
{
return x - y;
}
};
}
AndroidManifest.xml中注册服务
<service android:name="com.realize.lizijun.binder_server.CalcService" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.realize.calc.aidl" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
2.2 客户端
新建android工程,创建包com.realize.calc.aidl,新建文件ICalcAIDL.aidl(与服务端是一样的),内容如下
package com.realize.calc.aidl;
interface ICalcAIDL
{
int add(int x , int y);
int min(int x , int y );
}
主activity内容如下
package com.realize.lizijun.binder_client;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private static final String TAG = "client";
private ICalcAIDL mCalcAidl;
private ServiceConnection mServiceConn = new ServiceConnection()
{
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");
mCalcAidl = null;
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected");
mCalcAidl = ICalcAIDL.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
/**
* 点击BindService按钮时调用
* @param view
*/
public void bindService(View view)
{
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.realize.calc.aidl");
bindService(intent, mServiceConn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
/**
* 点击unBindService按钮时调用
* @param view
*/
public void unbindService(View view)
{
unbindService(mServiceConn);
}
/**
* 点击12+12按钮时调用
* @param view
*/
public void addInvoked(View view) throws Exception
{
if (mCalcAidl != null)
{
int addRes = mCalcAidl.add(12, 12);
Toast.makeText(this, addRes + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else
{
Toast.makeText(this, "服务器被异常杀死,请重新绑定服务端", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
}
}
/**
* 点击50-12按钮时调用
* @param view
*/
public void minInvoked(View view) throws Exception
{
if (mCalcAidl != null)
{
int addRes = mCalcAidl.min(50, 12);
Toast.makeText(this, addRes + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else
{
Toast.makeText(this, "服务器未绑定或被异常杀死,请重新绑定服务端", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
}
}
}
界面如下:
2.3 结果说明
- 点击BindService之后,服务端执行了onCreate和onBind的方法, 客户端执行onServiceConnected方法
- 然后点击12+12,50-12可以成功的调用服务端的代码并返回正确的结果
- 再点击unBindService, Service调用了onUnbind和onDestory
- 然后点击12+12,50-12,仍然能够看到正确的结果,说明客户端与服务端的连接仍然存在
- 我们通过后台,把服务强制停止掉,可以看到调用了onServiceDisconnected方法,此时,再点击12+12,50-12,就获取不到结果了
三、 分析AIDL生成的接口代码
上面创建ICalcAIDL.aidl之后,在gen目录下回生成文件ICalcAIDL.java, 该文件实现了客户端和服务端的代理(proxy)和存根(stub)
3.1 服务端
服务端代码中调用ICalcAIDL.Stub
private final ICalcAIDL.Stub mBinder = new ICalcAIDL.Stub()
{
@Override
public int add(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
{
return x + y;
}
@Override
public int min(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
{
return x - y;
}
};
而在CalcService.java中,很明显Stub就是Binder的子类
public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL
接着看看Stub下面的方法onTransact,该方法内部实现了加减法的操作
@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException
{
switch (code)
{
case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:
{
reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_add:
{
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
int _arg0;
_arg0 = data.readInt();
int _arg1;
_arg1 = data.readInt();
int _result = this.add(_arg0, _arg1);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(_result);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_min:
{
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
int _arg0;
_arg0 = data.readInt();
int _arg1;
_arg1 = data.readInt();
int _result = this.min(_arg0, _arg1);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(_result);
return true;
}
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
服务端会根据客户端发送来的消息执行onTransact方法,该方法有四个参数
code 是一个整形的唯一标识,用于区分执行哪个方法
data 客户端传递过来的参数
reply 服务器返回的值
flags 标明是否有返回值,0为有(双向),1为没有(单向)
3.2 客户端
客户端代码中,调用了ICalcAIDL.Stub.asInterface
private ServiceConnection mServiceConn = new ServiceConnection()
{
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");
mCalcAidl = null;
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected");
mCalcAidl = ICalcAIDL.Stub.asInterface(service);
}
};
而ICalcAIDL.java文件中,asInterface,最终是调用到Proxy
public static com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj)
{
if ((obj==null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL))) {
return ((com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL)iin);
}
return new com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
所以,我们看下Proxy的add方法
@Override public int add(int x, int y) throws android.os.RemoteException
{
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
int _result;
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
_data.writeInt(x);
_data.writeInt(y);
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_add, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.readInt();
}
finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
return _result;
}
声明了两个android.os.Parcel对象,_data用于传递数据,_replay用于接收返回的数据
最后调用transact方法,与服务端进行通信
四、不依赖AIDL的示例
怎样不通过AIDL文件,实现跨进程通信呢,从上面的分析中,我们可以知道,不通过AIDL文件,实现跨进程通信,那么实际上,就是要实现自动生成的AIDL文件中的接口功能, 下面我们实现跨进程的乘除调用
4.1 服务端
创建工程,实现CalcService.java,代码如下
package com.realize.lizijun.noaidl_binder_server;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
public class CalcService extends Service
{
private static final String DESCRIPTOR = "CalcService";
private static final String TAG = "server";
public void onCreate()
{
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onStartCommand");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
public IBinder onBind(Intent t)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onBind");
return mBinder;
}
public void onDestroy()
{
Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onUnbind");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
public void onRebind(Intent intent)
{
Log.e(TAG, "onRebind");
super.onRebind(intent);
}
private MyBinder mBinder = new MyBinder();
private class MyBinder extends Binder
{
@Override
protected boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply,
int flags) throws RemoteException
{
switch (code)
{
case 0x110:
{
Log.e(TAG, "0x110");
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
int _arg0;
_arg0 = data.readInt();
int _arg1;
_arg1 = data.readInt();
int _result = _arg0 * _arg1;
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(_result);
return true;
}
case 0x111:
{
Log.e(TAG, "0x111");
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
int _arg0;
_arg0 = data.readInt();
int _arg1;
_arg1 = data.readInt();
int _result = _arg0 / _arg1;
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(_result);
return true;
}
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
};
}
自定义了一个Binder子类,然后复写了其onTransact方法
AndroidManifest.xml中注册服务
<service android:name="com.realize.lizijun.noaidl_binder_server.CalcService" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.realize.noaidl.calc" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
4.2 客户端
创建工程,其主activity内容如下所示:
package com.realize.lizijun.noaidl_binder_client;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private static final String TAG = "client";
private IBinder mPlusBinder = null;
private ServiceConnection mServiceConnPlus = new ServiceConnection()
{
// 只有当servie异常退出时,系统才会调用onServiceDisconnected()
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
{
Log.e(TAG, "mServiceConnPlus onServiceDisconnected");
mPlusBinder = null;
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
{
Log.e(TAG, " mServiceConnPlus onServiceConnected");
mPlusBinder = service;
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void bindService(View view)
{
Intent intentPlus = new Intent();
intentPlus.setAction("com.realize.noaidl.calc");
boolean result = bindService(intentPlus, mServiceConnPlus,
Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
Log.e(TAG, result + "");
}
public void unbindService(View view)
{
if (mServiceConnPlus != null)
{
Log.e(TAG, "unbindService");
unbindService(mServiceConnPlus);
//mServiceConnPlus = null;
}
}
public void mulInvoked(View view)
{
if (mPlusBinder == null)
{
Toast.makeText(this, "未连接服务端或服务端被异常杀死", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else
{
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
int _result = 0;
try
{
_data.writeInterfaceToken("CalcService");
_data.writeInt(50);
_data.writeInt(12);
mPlusBinder.transact(0x110, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.readInt();
Toast.makeText(this, _result + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} catch (RemoteException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} finally
{
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
}
}
public void divInvoked(View view)
{
if (mPlusBinder == null)
{
Toast.makeText(this, "未连接服务端或服务端被异常杀死", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else
{
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
int _result = 0;
try
{
_data.writeInterfaceToken("CalcService");
_data.writeInt(36);
_data.writeInt(12);
mPlusBinder.transact(0x111, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.readInt();
Toast.makeText(this, _result + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} catch (RemoteException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} finally
{
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
}
}
}
界面如下:
五、 示例代码下载