一、linux内置的三张路由表
linux默认三种路由表,存放在/etc/iproute2/rt_tables
[root@f8s home]# ip rule show
0: from all lookup local
32766: from all lookup main
32767: from all lookup default
local: 本地接口地址,广播地址,已及NAT地址都放在这个表。该路由表由系统自动维护,管理员不能直接修改
main: 如果没有指明路由所属的表,所有的路由都默认都放在这个表里,我们平常执行的 route -n就是读取这张表的信息
default:默认的路由都放在这张表
二、规则和路由的关系
规则(ip rule)控制使用那种路由表,ip table往路由表中设置路由信息。下面我们用例子说明:
1. 首先创建一个虚拟网卡eth2.300
vconfig add eth2 300
ifconfig eth2.300 192.168.100.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
[root@f8s home]# ifconfig
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:87:80:CD
inet addr:192.168.255.128 Bcast:192.168.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:80cd/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:90005 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:87454 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:15158203 (14.4 MiB) TX bytes:13314917 (12.6 MiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth2.300 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:87:80:CD
inet addr:192.168.100.50 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:80cd/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:3972 (3.8 KiB)
2. 然后创建一条规则, 从地址192.168.100.50发送的数据,都走路由表100
ip rule add from 192.168.100.50/32 table 100
[root@f8s home]# ip rule show
0: from all lookup local
32765: from 192.168.100.50 lookup 100
32766: from all lookup main
32767: from all lookup default
3. 最后往路由表100,添加路由信息
ip route add 192.168.100.0/24 dev eth2.300 src 192.168.100.50 table 100
[root@f8s home]# ip route show table 100
192.168.100.0/24 dev eth2.300 scope link src 192.168.100.50