Amanda备份软件安装配置

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本文档提供了一步一步的Amanda备份软件的安装和配置教程，包括服务器端和客户端的配置，涉及安装、域名解析、配置文件修改、备份与恢复测试等关键步骤，确保备份系统的正确运行。

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1. 介绍

参考资料： http://www.howtoforge.com/disk-backup-with-amanda-on-debian-lenny

下面的是从百科粘的

Amanda 是最早出现的开源备份软件。它的名字来自Maryland大学。Amanda的意思是高级Maryland 硬盘归档器.。

Amanda通过操作系统上一些自带的备份工具，例如tar(Unix/linux)、zip(Windows)来实现备份的计划，自动化和跟踪等功能。采用Amanda可以恢复原来备份过的任何版本的数据。　这种依靠原始备份工具的方式有利有弊。Amanda生成的数据格式在每个操作系统上都可以使用，这是它最大的优势。不过这些备份工具也有很多的限制(例如路径长度等)，这是Amanda最大的劣势。

Amanda是一款功能强大的产品，它有很多企业级别的功能，例如，可以全自动识别何时进行全备份而无需用户设定。而且Amanda是唯一一款具有SQL Server、Exchange、 SharePoint、Oracle全部代理的软件，也是唯一一款具有MySQL和Ingress代理的备份软件。

现在Amanda是Zmanda公司的产品，它全面负责Amanda 软件的开发工作。在接管之后的很短的时间内，Zmanda就解决了Amanda许多存在多年的问题。从那时起，这家公司开始负责Amanda的功能性包括数据库代理方面的开发。(这样并不会影响那些原来使用NetWorker产品的用户)。

用户可以选择使用免费版Amanda，帮助主要是来自Amanda论坛的其他用户。当然也可以选择购买Zmanda的商业支持。

2. 配置

节点	OS	domain name
server	ubuntu server 12.04 64	bckserver
client	ubuntu server 12.04 64	bckclient

3. 服务器端安装配置

3.1 安装

# apt-get update
# apt-get install amanda-server amanda-client xinetd gawk gnuplot readline-common openssh-server inetutils-inetd

注意：有些包可能没安装，要检查一下，比如我机器上的xinetd就没有安装，一定要检查

3.2 增加域名解析

编辑/etc/hosts文件，将两个主机的域名与IP对应加入

# vim /etc/hosts

在文件最后加入下面内容

10.10.102.23    bckserver
10.10.102.22    bckclient

3.3 配置inet配置文件

# vim /etc/inetd.conf

#:OTHER: Other services
 amandaidx stream tcp nowait backup /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/lib/amanda/amindexd amindexd -auth=bsdtcp amdump amindexd amidxtaped
 amidxtape stream tcp nowait backup /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/lib/amanda/amidxtaped amidxtaped -auth=bsdtcp amdump amindexd amidxtaped
 amanda dgram udp wait backup /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/lib/amanda/amandad -auth=bsd amdump amindexd amidxtaped

3.4 修改amanda守护进程

修改/etc/xinet.d/amanda文件，使其和下面相同

service amanda
{
        disable         = no
        flags           = IPv4
        socket_type     = stream
        protocol        = tcp
        wait            = no
        user            = backup
        group           = backup
        groups          = yes
        server          = /usr/lib/amanda/amandad
        server_args     = -auth=bsdtcp amdump amindexd amidxtaped
}

修改/etc/xinet.d/amidxtape文件，使其和下面相同

service amidxtape
{
        socket_type     = stream
        protocol        = tcp
        wait            = no
        user            = backup
        group           = backup
        groups          = yes
        server          = /usr/lib/amanda/amidxtaped
        server_args     = -auth=bsdtcp amdump amindexd amidxtaped
        disable         = no
}

修改/etc/xinet.d/amandaidx文件

service amandaidx
{
        socket_type     = stream
        protocol        = tcp
        wait            = no
        user            = backup
        group           = backup
        groups          = yes
        server          = /usr/lib/amanda/amindexd
        server_args     = -auth=bsdtcp amdump amindexd amidxtaped
        disable         = no
}

然后重启xinetd

# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

3.5 备份配置

# su backup -c "mkdir /etc/amanda/DailySet1"

创建配置文件 /etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf

org "DailySet1"         # your organization name for reports
mailto "backup_admin@mydomain.com"          # space separated list of operators at your site
dumpuser "backup"       # the user to run dumps under

logdir   "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/logs"           # log directory
infofile "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo"        # database filename
indexdir "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/index"          # index directory
tapelist "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist"       # list of used tapes

tapecycle 9 tapes
tapetype DISK
tpchanger "chg-disk"
changerfile "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/changer" # needed by amlabel
tapedev "file:/space/vtapes/DailySet1/slots"

define tapetype DISK {
  comment "Backup to HD"
  length 5 gbytes
}

# comment holding disk section if needed
holdingdisk hd1 {
  directory "/dumps/"
}

# to be used by any other dumptype
define dumptype global {
  comment "Global definitions"
  index yes
  record yes
  auth "bsdtcp"
}

define dumptype daily {
  global
  comment "daily dumptype"
  compress client fast
  program "GNUTAR"
  strategy standard
  priority high
  exclude list "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/global-debian-exclude.list"
}

具体参数含义参考 http://wiki.zmanda.com/man/amanda.conf.5.html

然后按照配置文件创建数据仓库

# su backup -c "mkdir /etc/amanda/DailySet1/logs"
# su backup -c "mkdir /etc/amanda/DailySet1/index"
# touch /etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist
# su backup -c "mkdir /etc/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo"

3.6 配置存储磁盘

# su backup -c "mkdir /dumps"
# chmod 750 /dumps

3.7 配置虚拟磁盘

# mkdir -p /space/
# mkdir -p /space/vtapes/DailySet1/slots
# chown backup:backup -R  /space/
# chmod 750 /space/vtapes
# su  backup
$ cd /space/vtapes/DailySet1/slots

然后创建磁盘

$ for ((i=1; $i<=9; i++)); do mkdir  slot$i;done

初始化磁盘变更器

$ ln -s slot1 data

标记磁盘

$ for ((i=1; $i<=9;i++)); do amlabel DailySet1 DailySet1-0$i slot $i; done

将磁盘变更器重置到地一个位置

$ amtape DailySet1 reset

通过下面命令检测是否设置成功

$ ls -l data

预想结果： lrwxrwxrwx 1 backup backup 35 jun 7 02:27 data -> /space/vtapes/DailySet1/slots/slot1

然后修改系统的配置文件/etc/fstab，将这下面内容加到其中（这一步先不要做）

LABEL=holdingdisk       /dumps           ext3    defaults        0         0
LABEL=backup       /space  xfs     _netdev        0       0

3.8 备份定义：磁盘列表

我们要备份client端的一个挂载点，所以到client机器执行下面命令：

# mount

结果会有多行，我们选择根目录那一行，然后编辑 /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist文件

$ vim /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist

加入下面内容

bckclient / daily

3.9 授权：amandahosts

$ vi /etc/amandahosts

加入下面内容

bckserver root amindexd amidxtaped
bckserver backup amdump
bckclient root amindexd amidxtaped

具体参数定义参考 http://wiki.zmanda.com/man/amanda-auth.7.html

# ln -s /etc/amandahosts /var/backups/.amandahosts

# chmod 400 etc/amandahosts

# ls -l /etc/amandahosts

-r-------- 1 backup backup 157 mai 27 02:12 /etc/amandahosts

# ls -l /var/backups/.amandahosts

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 mai 17 00:41 /var/backups/.amandahosts -> /etc/amandahosts

4. 客户端安装配置

4.1 安装

# apt-get update

# apt-get install amanda-client xinetd openssh-server inetutils-inetd

一定要检查是否全部安装，尤其是xinetd

4.2 配置inetd

# vim /etc/inetd.conf

在最下加入下面内容

#:OTHER: Other services
amanda dgram udp wait backup /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/lib/amanda/amandad -auth=bsd amdump amindexd amidxtaped

4.3 设置amanda守护进程使用auth bsdtcp

# vim /etc/xinetd.d/amanda

service amanda
{
        socket_type     = stream
        protocol        = tcp
        wait            = no
        user            = backup
        group           = backup
        groups          = yes
        server          = /usr/lib/amanda/amandad
        server_args     = -auth=bsdtcp amdump amindexd amidxtaped
        disable         = no
}

然后重启服务

# service xinetd restart

4.4 客户端配置文件：amanda-client.conf

# vim /etc/amanda/amanda-client.conf

内容如下

conf "DailySet1" # your config name
index_server "bckserver" # your amindexd server
tape_server "bckserver" # your amidxtaped server

auth "bsdtcp"

4.5 授权：amandahosts

编辑amandahosts文件，授权允许server进行备份

# vim /etc/amandahosts

内容如下

bckserver backup amdump

具体参数及授权过程参考 http://wiki.zmanda.com/man/amanda-auth.7.html

检查下面命令的结果

# ls -la /var/backups/.amandahosts

预计结果

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 mai 25 11:19 /var/backups/.amandahosts -> /etc/amandahosts

# ls -l /etc/amandahosts

预计结果
-rw------- 1 backup backup 42 mai 26 23:21 /etc/amandahosts

4.6 排除列表

创建备份时不需进行备份的排除列表，这个文件名称在上面3.5中有定义

$ vim /etc/amanda/DailySet1/global-debian-exclude.list

添加下面内容

./proc
./media
./mnt
./dev

# chmod 644 /etc/amanda/DailySet1/global-debian-exclude.list

5. 测试

5.1 配置测试

用backup用户登录，执行下面命令

$ amcheck DailySet1

预计结果

Amanda Tape Server Host Check
-----------------------------
Holding disk /dumps/: 36401152 kB disk space available, using 36401152 kB
found in slot 8: volume 'DailySet1-08'
slot 8: volume 'DailySet1-08'
Will write to volume 'DailySet1-08' in slot 8.
NOTE: skipping tape-writable test
NOTE: host info dir /etc/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo/bckclient does not exist
NOTE: it will be created on the next run.
NOTE: index dir /etc/amanda/DailySet1/index/bckclient does not exist
NOTE: it will be created on the next run.
Server check took 1.329 seconds

Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
--------------------------------
Client check: 1 host checked in 2.080 seconds.  0 problems found.

(brought to you by Amanda 3.3.0)

5.2 备份测试

登录到server端用backup帐号登录，执行下面的命令

$ amadmin DailySet1 force bckclient

$ amdump DailySet1

使用下面的命令查看备份文件

$ amadmin DailySet1 find

5.3 备份计划

设置每天1：00am进行备份

# su  backup -c "crontab -e"

加入下面内容

0 1 * * 1-7 /usr/sbin/amdump DailySet1

5.4 恢复

登录client端，用root账户登录，进入一个存储目录，比如说/tmp，执行下面命令

# amrecover

AMRECOVER Version 3.3.0. Contacting server on bckserver ...
220 server AMANDA index server (3.3.0) ready.
Setting restore date to today (2013-09-12)
200 Working date set to 2013-09-12.
200 Config set to DailySet1.
501 Host client is not in your disklist.
Trying host client ...
501 Host client is not in your disklist.
Trying host client ...
501 Host client is not in your disklist.
Use the sethost command to choose a host to recover

amrecover> sethost bckclient

200 Dump host set to bckclient.

amrecover> listdisk

200- List of disk for host bckclient
201- /
200 List of disk for host bckclient

amrecover> setdisk /

200 Disk set to /.

amrecover> ls

2013-09-12-03-11-33 vmlinuz
2013-09-12-03-11-33 var/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 usr/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 tmp/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 sys/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 srv/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 selinux/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 sbin/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 run/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 root/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 opt/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 lost+found/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 lib64/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 lib/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 initrd.img
2013-09-12-03-11-33 home/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 etc/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 boot/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 bin/
2013-09-12-03-11-33 .

amrecover> add *

Added file /vmlinuz
Added dir /var/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /usr/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /tmp/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /sys/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /srv/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /selinux/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /sbin/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /run/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /root/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /opt/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /lost+found/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /lib64/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /lib/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added file /initrd.img
Added dir /home/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /etc/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /boot/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33
Added dir /bin/ at date 2013-09-12-03-11-33

amrecover> extract

Extracting files using tape drive chg-disk on host bckserver.
The following tapes are needed: DailySet1-08

Extracting files using tape drive chg-disk on host bckserver.
Load tape DailySet1-08 now