Spring boot 2.4.2 多环境配置 logback

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本文介绍Spring Boot多环境配置Logback及自定义日志文件的方法。需在Logback配置文件中引用Spring Boot对应环境变量，Spring Boot配置文件有application.yml等，Logback配置文件用logback - spring.xml。还说明了不同日志级别的区别及顺序。

Springboot 多环境配置 logback 以及自定义日志文件

在logback配置文件中引用springboot对应环境的变量。

一、Springboot 配置文件

application.yml

logging:
  config: classpath:logback-spring.xml

application-dev.yml

logging:
  level.root: debug
  file:
    path: D:/projects/demo-logback/logs

application-prod.yml

logging:
  level.root: info
  file:
    path: /opt/project/demo-logback/logs

二、logback 配置文件

logback-spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <!-- 获取application配置文件中的配置 -->
    <springProperty scope="context" name="logLevel" source="logging.level.root"/>
    <springProperty scope="context" name="logPath" source="logging.file.path"/>
    <!-- 日志输出格式 -->
    <property name="logPattern" value="%-12(%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS})|%level|%thread|%c{0}[%L]|%msg%n"/>

    <!--控制台日志-->
    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${logPattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!--DEBUG日志-->
    <appender name="debug" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${logPath}/debug.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${logPattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${logPath}/debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>200MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <!--WARN日志-->
    <appender name="warn" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${logPath}/warn.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>WARN</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${logPattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${logPath}/warn.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>200MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <!--INFO日志-->
    <appender name="info" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${logPath}/info.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>INFO</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${logPattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${logPath}/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>200MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <!--ERROR日志-->
    <appender name="error" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${logPath}/error.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${logPattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${logPath}/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>200MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!--处理成功日志-->
    <appender name="push_suc" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${logPath}/push_suc.log</file>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${logPattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${logPath}/push_suc.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>200MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <!--处理失败日志-->
    <appender name="push_fail" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${logPath}/push_fail.log</file>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${logPattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${logPath}/push_fail.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>200MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <Logger name="org.springframework" level="warn"/>
    <Logger name="org.apache.http.client.protocol.ResponseProcessCookies" level="error"/>
    <Logger name="org.apache" level="warn"/>
    <logger name="push_suc" level="INFO" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="push_suc"/>
    </logger>
    <logger name="push_fail" level="INFO" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="push_fail"/>
    </logger>

    <root level="${logLevel}">
        <appender-ref ref="debug"/>
        <appender-ref ref="warn"/>
        <appender-ref ref="info"/>
        <appender-ref ref="error"/>
        <appender-ref ref="console"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

注意：

logback的配置文件不能用logback.xml，因为如果用logback.xml，那项目启动就会先去加载logback.xml，再去加载application.properties的了，因此这个名称得改为其他的，根据spring boot那边的命名规范，一般是-spring的，所以我这里用的是logback-spring.xml
在logback配置文件中用application.properties的配置，必须得通过下面这种方式才能获取到application.properties中的配置：

<springProperty scope="context" name="logLevel" source="log.level.root"/>

##日志级别的区别

error 级别只能获取到 error 的日志
warn 级别能获取到 warn 和 error 的日志
info 级别能获取到 info、warn、error 的日志
debug 级别能获取所有的日志：debug、warn、info、error

所以，日志级别 从高到底 的顺序是：
error > warn > info >debug