puppet学习与精通之 file资源详细介绍及案例分析

一、系统环境

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1、puppet服务端 Release：RHEL6.4 HOSTNAME: puppetserver.rsyslog.org TCP/IP: 172.16.200.100/24 Packages：  puppet-server-2.7.21-1.el6.noarch mcollective-client-2.2.4 activemq-5.5.0 2、puppet节点 Release: RHEL5.8 HOSTNAME: agent1.rsyslog.org TCP/IP: 172.16.200.101/24 Packages: puppet-2.7.21-1.el5 mcollective-2.2.4-1.el5 3、puppet节点 Release: RHEL6.4 HOSTNAME: agent3.rsyslog.org TCP/IP: 172.16.200.103/24 Packages: puppet-2.7.21-1.el6 mcollective-2.2.4-1.el6

二、资源介绍
1、实现功能
1.1、支持文件和目录
1.2、设置文件及目录的所有者及权限
1.3、恢复文件（包括文件的内容、权限及所有者）
1.4、清理目录以及子目录

2、支持参数
2.1 ensure => {present|absent|directory|file|link}, 指定文件的目标状态
=> present, 检查文件是否存在，不存在则新建之
=> absent, 检查文件是否存在，存在则删除之
=> directory, 指定这是一个目录，不存在则创建

2.2 owner|user => root, 所属用户，也可以用UID

2.3 group => puppet, 所属用户组，也可以用GID

2.4 mode => 0644, 权限属性，四位八进制数

2.5 source => "puppet:///modules/ssh/etc/ssh/sshd_config" | soure => "/etc/passwd" 文件获取地址,以puppet:///开头为从master下载，正常路径则在agent本地读取 
备注："puppet://"等价于主配置文件puppet.config中的modulepath值

2.6 path => "/etc/postfix/main.cf",  文件完整路径。默认与title相同可不写
eg.
file { "main.cf":
   path => "/etc/postfix/main.cf",

2.7 content => "hello",|content => template("postfix/main.cf.erb"),  文件的具体内容，亦可由erb模板生成，选择这个可不写资源source

2.8 backup => 'main',| backup => ".$backup_date.bak", 节点更新之前上一个版本备份方式；backup => 'main',需要结合资源filebucket实现

2.9 recurse => '{true|false|inf|remote}', 对目录是(true)否(false)递归(ensure => directory时有效) 

2.10 puppet依赖关系资源有三个，分别为require,before,after
require => Class["mysql::install"], | require => Package["setup"],  当前资源或者类被要求的资源或者类所依赖，需要被要求的资源或者类先执行成功后在执行自己的资源或者类

before  在某个资源之前执行
package { "openssh-server":
...
before => File["/etc/ssh/sshd_config"]，
  }

after 在某个资源之后执行
file {"/etc/ssh/sshd_config":
...
   after => Package["openssh-server"],
  }

2.11 puppet触发更新有两个，分别为notify,subscribe，写的位置不同。
notify {"operatingsystem is $operatingsystem":  将输出内容记录到日志里面,可在调试的时候查看。
   withpath => true|false,  #是否打印全路径
}
notify => Class["mysql::service"], 当前类或者资源的文件被改动后通知服务重启。
subscribe => Class["ssh::config"], 该资源有更新时，通知另一个资源执行相应的动作。目前支持subscribe只有exec、service、mount

2.12 link软连接设置 /etc/file2 -> /etc/passwd
file{ "/etc/file2":
...
       ensure => link,
       target => "/etc/passwd",
}

2.13 purge => true  清理目录下面没有被资源被管理的文件都会被清除
force => true   和purge => true配合使用才能删除目录，mode => 0700保证具有删除权限
ignore => file|directory, 忽略某一个目录或者文件做任何操作

三、资源示例
1、示例一
1.1 实现功能
*要求从服务器指定路径下载motd文件
*要求文件权限为700，属组和属主都为puppet
*要求setup包在motd文件下载之前被安装
1.2 配置说明

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class motd::motd {         package{ setup:                 ensure => present,         }         file{ "/etc/motd":                 owner => "puppet",                 group => "puppet",                 mode => 0700,                 source => "puppet://$puppetserver/modules/motd/etc/motd",                 require => Package["setup"],         }

1.3 客户端agent1上测试

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[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org info: Applying configuration version '1378193573' notice: /File[/etc/motd]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}0acb622c16dbdecb670d8920d96bdd30' notice: Finished catalog run in 0.41 seconds [root@agent1 ~]# ll /etc/motd -rwx------ 1 puppet puppet 82 Sep  3 15:33 /etc/motd

2、示例二
2.1 实现功能
*在节点上创建/etc/passwd的软连接为/etc/file2
2.2 配置说明

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class motd::file2 {         file{ "/etc/file2":                 owner => "puppet",                 group => "puppet",                 ensure => link,                 target => "/etc/passwd",         } }

2.3 客户端agent1上测试

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[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org info: Applying configuration version '1378194373' notice: /File[/etc/file2]/ensure: created notice: Finished catalog run in 0.07 seconds [root@agent1 ~]# ll /etc/file2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 puppet puppet 11 Sep  3 15:46 /etc/file2 -> /etc/passwd

3、示例三
3.1 实现功能
*在节点上创建/etc/dir1目录
*要求目录下面除了dir2外的所有目录及文件的权限为0700，所有者为puppet
*要求每次更新将"This is dir1!"写入日志里面
3.2 配置说明

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class motd::dir1 {         file{ "/etc/dir1":                 owner => "puppet",                 group => "puppet",                 mode => 0700,                 ensure => directory,                 recurse => true,                 purge => true,                 force => true,                 ignore => "dir2",         }         notify { "This is dir1！": #       withpath => true,         } }

3.3 客户端agent1上测试

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[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org info: Applying configuration version '1378195554' notice: This is dir1! notice: /Stage[main]/Motd::Dir1/Notify[This is dir1!]/message: defined 'message' as 'This is dir1!' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3]/owner: owner changed 'root' to 'puppet' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3]/group: group changed 'root' to 'puppet' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3]/mode: mode changed '0755' to '0700' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3]/seluser: seluser changed 'root' to 'system_u' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3/file3]/owner: owner changed 'root' to 'puppet' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3/file3]/group: group changed 'root' to 'puppet' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3/file3]/mode: mode changed '0644' to '0700' notice: /File[/etc/dir1/dir3/file3]/seluser: seluser changed 'root' to 'system_u' notice: Finished catalog run in 0.11 seconds [root@agent1 ~]# [root@agent1 ~]# [root@agent1 ~]# ll /etc/dir1/ total 16 drwxrwxrwx 2 puppet puppet 4096 Sep  3 16:00 dir2 drwx------ 2 puppet puppet 4096 Sep  3 16:06 dir3

4、示例四
4.1 实现功能
*在节点上创建/etc/dir2目录，权限为0700，所有者为puppet
*要求目录下面只允许有dir1目录，并且dir1目录及下一级目录或文件权限属性保持原有不变
4.2 配置说明

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class motd::dir2 {         file{ "/etc/dir2":                 owner => "puppet",                 group => "puppet",                 mode => 0700,                 ensure => directory,                 recurse => true,                 purge => true,                 force => true,                 ignore => "dir1",         } }

4.3 客户端agent1上测试

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[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test info: Retrieving plugin info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply2.rb info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply1.rb info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply3.rb info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/backup_date.rb info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org info: Applying configuration version '1378195951' notice: /File[/etc/dir2]/ensure: created notice: Finished catalog run in 0.05 seconds [root@agent1 ~]# mkdir /etc/dir2/dir1 [root@agent1 ~]# mkdir /etc/dir2/dir2 [root@agent1 ~]# touch /etc/dir2/dir1/file1 [root@agent1 ~]# touch /etc/dir2/dir2/file2 [root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test info: Retrieving plugin info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply2.rb info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply1.rb info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/my_apply3.rb info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/backup_date.rb info: Caching catalog for agent1.rsyslog.org info: Applying configuration version '1378195951' info: /File[/etc/dir2/dir2]: Recursively backing up to filebucket info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e info: /File[/etc/dir2/dir2]: Filebucketed /etc/dir2/dir2/file2 to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e notice: /File[/etc/dir2/dir2]/ensure: removed notice: Finished catalog run in 0.09 seconds [root@agent1 ~]# ll /etc/dir2/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep  3 16:13 dir1 [root@agent1 ~]#