以下内容转载自http://www.cnblogs.com/wendingding/p/3813572.html
一、NSURLConnection的常用类
(1)NSURL:请求地址
(2)NSURLRequest:封装一个请求,保存发给服务器的全部数据,包括一个NSURL对象,请求方法、请求头、请求体....
(3)NSMutableURLRequest:NSURLRequest的子类
(4)NSURLConnection:负责发送请求,建立客户端和服务器的连接。发送NSURLRequest的数据给服务器,并收集来自服务器的响应数据
使用NSURLConnection发送请求的步骤很简单
(1)创建一个NSURL对象,设置请求路径(设置请求路径)
(2)传入NSURL创建一个NSURLRequest对象,设置请求头和请求体(创建请求对象)
(3)使用NSURLConnection发送NSURLRequest(发送请求)
2.代码示例
(1)发送请求的三个步骤:
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- (IBAction)Login:(id)sender {
if (userName.text.length == 0) {
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"Message" message:@"请输入用户名" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alert show];
return ;
}
if (passWd.text.length == 0) {
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"Message" message:@"请输入密码" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alert show];
return ;
}
NSString *urlStr =[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://192.168.175.130/login?user=%@&pwd=%@",userName.text,passWd.text];
NSURL *url = [[NSURL alloc]initWithString:urlStr];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]init];
[request setURL:url];
request.timeoutInterval = 10.0;
NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];
NSString *message;
if (data.length) {
message = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}
else{
message = @"用户密码不匹配";
}
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"Message" message:message delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alert show];
}
</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- (IBAction)Login:(id)sender {
if (userName.text.length == 0) {
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"Message" message:@"请输入用户名" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alert show];
return ;
}
if (passWd.text.length == 0) {
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"Message" message:@"请输入密码" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alert show];
return ;
}
#if 0
NSString *urlStr =[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://192.168.175.130/login?user=%@&pwd=%@",userName.text,passWd.text];
NSURL *url = [[NSURL alloc]initWithString:urlStr];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]init];
[request setURL:url];
request.timeoutInterval = 10.0;
NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];
NSString *message;
if (data.length) {
message = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}
else{
message = @"用户密码不匹配";
}
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"Message" message:message delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alert show];
#endif
#if 1
NSString *urlStr =[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://192.168.175.130/login?user=%@&pwd=%@",userName.text,passWd.text];
NSURL *url = [[NSURL alloc]initWithString:urlStr];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
//获取主队列
NSOperationQueue *queue = [NSOperationQueue mainQueue];
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request queue:queue completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *connectionError) {
NSLog(@"--block回调数据--%@---%ld", [NSThread currentThread],data.length);
if (data) {
NSString *dict = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"------%@--------",dict);
}
else{
NSLog(@"当前网络忙");
}
}];
#endif
}
</span>
要监听服务器返回的data,所以使用<NSURLConnectionDataDelegate>协议
常见大代理方法如下:
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">#pragma mark- NSURLConnectionDataDelegate代理方法
//当接收到服务器的响应(连通了服务器)时会调用
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
//当接收到服务器的数据时会调用(可能会被调用多次,每次只传递部分数据)
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
//当服务器的数据加载完毕时就会调用
-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
//请求错误(失败)的时候调用(请求超时\断网\没有网\,一般指客户端错误)
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error</span>
使用异步方法发送get请求的代码示例:<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">//
// YYViewController.m
// 01-NSURLConnection的使用(GET)
//
// Created by apple on 14-6-28.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
//
#import "YYViewController.h"
#import "MBProgressHUD+MJ.h"
@interface YYViewController ()<NSURLConnectionDataDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *username;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *pwd;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSMutableData *responseData;
- (IBAction)login;
@end
@implementation YYViewController
- (IBAction)login {
// 1.提前的表单验证
if (self.username.text.length==0) {
[MBProgressHUD showError:@"请输入用户名"];
return;
}
if (self.pwd.text.length==0) {
[MBProgressHUD showError:@"请输入密码"];
return;
}
// 2.发送请求给服务器(带上账号和密码)
//添加一个遮罩,禁止用户操作
[MBProgressHUD showMessage:@"正在努力加载中...."];
//
// 2.1设置请求路径
NSString *urlStr=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://192.168.1.53:8080/MJServer/login?username=%@&pwd=%@",self.username.text,self.pwd.text];
NSURL *url=[NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];
// 2.2创建请求对象
// NSURLRequest *request=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];//默认就是GET请求
//设置请求超时
NSMutableURLRequest *request=[NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
request.timeoutInterval=5.0;
// 2.3.发送请求
//使用代理发送异步请求(通常应用于文件下载)
NSURLConnection *conn=[NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
[conn start];
NSLog(@"已经发出请求---");
}
#pragma mark- NSURLConnectionDataDelegate代理方法
/*
*当接收到服务器的响应(连通了服务器)时会调用
*/
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
{
NSLog(@"接收到服务器的响应");
//初始化数据
self.responseData=[NSMutableData data];
}
/*
*当接收到服务器的数据时会调用(可能会被调用多次,每次只传递部分数据)
*/
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
NSLog(@"接收到服务器的数据");
//拼接数据
[self.responseData appendData:data];
NSLog(@"%d---%@--",self.responseData.length,[NSThread currentThread]);
}
/*
*当服务器的数据加载完毕时就会调用
*/
-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
{
NSLog(@"服务器的数据加载完毕");
//隐藏HUD
[MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
//处理服务器返回的所有数据
NSDictionary *dict=[NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:self.responseData options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
//判断后,在界面提示登录信息
NSString *error=dict[@"error"];
if (error) {
[MBProgressHUD showError:error];
}else
{
NSString *success=dict[@"success"];
[MBProgressHUD showSuccess:success];
}
NSLog(@"%d---%@--",self.responseData.length,[NSThread currentThread]);
}
/*
*请求错误(失败)的时候调用(请求超时\断网\没有网\,一般指客户端错误)
*/
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
// NSLog(@"请求错误");
//隐藏HUD
[MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
[MBProgressHUD showError:@"网络繁忙,请稍后重试!"];
}
@end</span>
打印查看:
补充:
(1)数据的处理
在didReceiveData:方法中,拼接接收到的所有数据,等所有数据都拿到后,在connectionDidFinishLoading:方法中进行处理
(2)网络延迟
在做网络开发的时候,一定要考虑到网络延迟情况的处理,可以在服务器的代码设置一个断点模拟。
在服务器代码的登录方法中设置断点
设置请求的最大延迟
模拟器情况:
打印查看:
三、NSMutableURLRequest
NSMutableURLRequest是NSURLRequest的子类,常用方法有
设置请求超时等待时间(超过这个时间就算超时,请求失败)- (void)setTimeoutInterval:(NSTimeInterval)seconds;
设置请求方法(比如GET和POST)- (void)setHTTPMethod:(NSString *)method;
设置请求体- (void)setHTTPBody:(NSData *)data;
设置请求头- (void)setValue:(NSString *)value forHTTPHeaderField:(NSString *)field;