LVM磁盘工具使用

下雨天的太阳

已于 2024-03-01 21:02:48 修改

阅读量181

点赞数 1

文章标签： linux 服务器运维

于 2023-06-13 22:44:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/u010080562/article/details/131197004

版权

物理卷相关命令

创建物理卷
pvcreate   分区
例如： pvcreate  /dev/sdb1

移除物理卷   
pvremove  分区
例如   pvremove  /dev/sdb1

查询物理卷（简单查询）
pvs

扫描物理卷（统计）
pvscan

查询物理卷（详细查询）
pvdisplay

示例：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000afddb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x32d443be

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    62916607    31457280   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 48.4 GB, 48444211200 bytes, 94617600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <99.00g  4.00m
  /dev/sdb1         lvm2 ---   30.00g 30.00g
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Free PE               1
  Allocated PE          25342
  PV UUID               eG0BC5-PoCg-74WT-ly8u-D3p8-5v2z-BUDYxC

  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "30.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name
  PV Size               30.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               u67jbd-MEpL-RfGq-dq9d-Amia-OBT1-5y7YqO
  [root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sdb1   VG                 lvm2 [<30.00 GiB / <30.00 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos          lvm2 [<99.00 GiB / 4.00 MiB free]
  Total: 2 [128.99 GiB] / in use: 1 [128.99 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [1   ]

卷组相关命令

创建卷组
vgcreate  -s   PE大小    卷组名    物理卷
例如：vgcreate  -s 4M  vg_test    /dev/sdb1
-s指定PE大小
/dev/sdb1 加入这个卷组的物理卷
物理卷指定了卷组后才可以被分配使用

查询卷组（简单查询）
vgs

查询卷组（详细查询）
vgdisplay

扫描卷组（统计）
vgscan

扩展卷组
vgextend  卷组 物理卷
例如：vgextend vg_test  /dev/sb2

删除卷组
vgremove  卷组

示例：
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate -s 4M vg_test /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vg_test" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG      #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos    1   3   0 wz--n- <99.00g   4.00m
  vg_test   1   0   0 wz--n- <30.00g <30.00g
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_test
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <30.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7679
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       7679 / <30.00 GiB
  VG UUID               wy3lDO-oPzE-4E0w-X7gP-yxo7-bP1g-tTrx0p

  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <99.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Alloc PE / Size       25342 / 98.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               u25lQu-Y8c3-MksK-vv41-hAak-U61R-oAYaYJ
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan
  Reading volume groups from cache.
  Found volume group "vg_test" using metadata type lvm2
  Found volume group "centos" using metadata type lvm2

逻辑卷相关命令

创建逻辑卷（有两种写法，根据具体情况选择）
（1）从卷组中划分指定容量创建逻辑卷
lvcreate -n   逻辑卷名  -L +20G   卷组名     
（2）用卷组中剩余的全部容量创建逻辑卷
lvcreate -n   逻辑卷名  -l   +100%FREE   卷组名

-L给逻辑卷分配大小
-l  分配指定大小的PE给LV
-n 给逻辑卷命名
卷组名  从指定卷组分配
例如：lvcreate -L 1G  test1   vg_test  

注意：
1、必须从卷组创建逻辑卷
2、针对逻辑卷要格式化

格式化逻辑卷
mkfs -t xfs  /dev/vg_test/test1
或者写成这样也可以
mkfs -t xfs /dev/mapper/vg_test-test1

挂载逻辑卷
mkdir data1
临时挂载
mount  /dev/vg_test/test1  /data1
永久挂载
编辑/etc/fstab，添加如下内容后保存
/dev/vg_test/test1  /data1   xfs   defaults   0   0

查询逻辑卷（简单查询）
lvs

查询逻辑卷（详细查询）
lvdisplay

扩展逻辑卷（有两种写法，根据具体情况选择）
（1）给逻辑卷增加指定大小容量
lvextend  -L +20G   /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名
（2）将卷组中的剩余容量全部增加给逻辑卷
lvextend  -l  +100%FREE   /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名

删除逻辑卷
lvremove  逻辑卷

示例：
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -n  test1  vg_test     #创建逻辑卷
  Logical volume "test1" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs    #简单查询逻辑卷
  LV    VG      Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home  centos  -wi-ao---- <45.12g
  root  centos  -wi-ao----  50.00g
  swap  centos  -wi-ao----  <3.88g
  test1 vg_test -wi-a-----   1.00g
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay   #详细查询逻辑卷
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_test/test1
  LV Name                test1
  VG Name                vg_test
  LV UUID                4COYyV-1LK6-LcmT-NAwe-r5YS-3AGE-Ju7mUx
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-06-13 22:14:15 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                1.00 GiB
  Current LE             256
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:3
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan   #统计查询逻辑卷
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_test/test1' [1.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [<3.88 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/home' [<45.12 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
  [root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_test/test1
  LV Name                test1
  VG Name                vg_test
  LV UUID                4COYyV-1LK6-LcmT-NAwe-r5YS-3AGE-Ju7mUx
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2023-06-13 22:14:15 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                1.00 GiB
  Current LE             256
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:3
  [root@localhost ~]# ls -la /dev/vg_test/test1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 13 22:14 /dev/vg_test/test1 -> ../dm-3
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t xfs  /dev/vg_test/test1    #格式化逻辑卷
meta-data=/dev/vg_test/test1     isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/vg_test/test1 /data1    #挂载逻辑卷
[root@localhost /]# df -h     #查看挂载的情况
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root     50G  1.2G   49G   3% /
devtmpfs                   4.8G     0  4.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                      4.8G     0  4.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      4.8G   12M  4.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                      4.8G     0  4.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                 1014M  146M  869M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home     46G  439M   45G   1% /home
tmpfs                      982M     0  982M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_test-test1 1014M   33M  982M   4% /data1
注意：
/dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名   =  /dev/mapper/卷组名-逻辑卷名   =   /dev/dm-n
/dev/vg_test/test1   =     /dev/mapper/vg_test-test1    =   /dev/dm-3
这三个是等价的