这篇博客详细介绍了如何进行MySQL主从复制的实战操作，包括环境准备、主库和从库的配置，以及测试步骤。在环境准备阶段，设定了一个主库和两个从库。主库配置涉及server-id设置、bin_log开启、数据备份及上传。从库配置则需要关闭bin_log，还原备份数据，并设置主从同步。最后通过在主库创建表并插入数据，验证了从库是否成功同步。
环境准备
两个机器：一主两从
主库（MySQL Master）：IP为192.168.74.140 port为3306
从库（MySQL Slave ）：IP为192.168.95.130 port为3307和3308（多实例安装MySQL）
主库配置
1、设置server-id值并开启bin_log参数
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] //此标签下添加以下参数
log_bin = mysql-bin
server_id = 120
2、重启数据库
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
3、建立同步账号
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.74.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for 'rep'@'192.168.74.%';
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for rep@192.168.74.% |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.74.%' |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、锁表（设置为只读）
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5、查看主数据库状态
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 447 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6、备份数据库
1）创建备份目录：
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /server/backup/
2）备份：
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A -B |gzip > /server/backup/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
Enter password:
3）查看是否备份成功：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /server/backup/
[root@localhost backup]# ll
总用量 208
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 210638 1月 25 17:29 mysql_bak.2021-01-25.sql.gz
7、解锁
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
8、主库备份数据上传到从库
[root@localhost backup]# scp /server/backup/mysql_bak.2021-01-25.sql.gz 192.168.74.144:/server/backup/
The authenticity of host '192.168.74.144 (192.168.74.144)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is c6:5c:ff:b0:f6:52:31:61:1d:fe:28:30:71:01:44:fd.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.74.144' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.74.144's password:
mysql_bak.2021-01-25.sql.gz 100% 206KB 205.7KB/s 00:00
从库上配置
1、设置server-id值并关闭bin_log参数
[root@mysql-bin ~]# vim /mysql/3307/my.cnf
[mysqld] //此标签下写入如下参数
server-id = 45
此处从库采用多实例安装MySQL，且配置文件分开创建，配置文件中未开启log_bin参数。
若只有一个从服务器，则关闭主配置文件bin_log参数（如#log_bin = /data/mysql/data/mysql-bin）
2、重启数据库
[root@mysql-bin ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
3、还原从主库备份的数据
1）还原：
[root@mysql-bin ~]# zcat /server/backup/mysql_bak.2021-01-25.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p'123abcABC!' -S /mysql/3307/mysql.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql-bin ~]# zcat /server/backup/mysql_bak.2021-01-25.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p'123abcABC!' -S /mysql/3308/mysql.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
2）查看是否还原：
[root@mysql-bin ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /mysql/3307/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.14 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| db2_idx |
| db3_fun |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| stu |
| sys |
+--------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@mysql-bin ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /mysql/3308/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.14 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| db2_idx |
| db3_fun |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| stu |
| sys |
+--------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4、设定主从库同步（两个从库操作相同）
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.74.140',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_user='rep',
-> master_password='123456',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
-> master_log_pos=447;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
5、启动从库同步开关
1）启动开关：
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2）检查状态：
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.74.140
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 447
Relay_Log_File: mysql-bin-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //确保I/O线程连接成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //确保SQL线程连接成功
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 447
Relay_Log_Space: 531
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 40
Master_UUID: a234c25a-53f2-11eb-83bc-000c29190c65
Master_Info_File: /mysql/3307/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试
1、主库：school数据库中创建id表并插入数据记录
1）创建表
mysql> create table id(
-> x_id int(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
2）插入数据记录
mysql> insert into id values(1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
3）查看
mysql> select * from id;
+------+
| x_id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、从库上查看是否同步（两个从库同步数据相同）
mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| id |
| score |
| student |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from id;
+------+
| x_id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
测试完成！！！
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